This prospective study enrolled 144 patients after surgical treatment of biliary atresia in early infancy. We analyzed the immediate effectiveness of the surgery and the age-related structure of complications in the up to 16-year follow-up. The immediate 2-year survival rate after the surgery constituted 49.5%. At the time of this writing, 17 of the patients had celebrated their 10th birthdays with good quality of life and no indications for transplantation of the liver. The obtained results underscore the critical importance of surgical correction of biliary atresia by Kasai surgery in the first 60 days of life and subsequent dynamic follow-up of patients for the purpose of the early detection and timely correction of possible complications.

BackgroundNiemann–Pick disease type C is a rare metabolic disease characterized by progressive neurological deterioration with childhood onset, and often results in premature mortality. Niemann–Pick disease type C has an extremely heterogeneous clinical presentation with a wide range of visceral and neurological signs and symptoms that are not specific to the disease, and which progress over varied periods of time. The incidence and epidemiology of Niemann–Pick disease type C in Russia have not been characterized. We report the case of a Russian newborn with early-infantile onset Niemann–Pick disease type C who displayed prolonged neonatal jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly.Case presentationA 5-year-old white boy born to non-consanguineous Russian parents was originally diagnosed with galactosemia at the age of 2 months based on a raised blood galactose level. A galactose-free and lactose-free diet resulted in achievement of a normal galactose level, but hepatosplenomegaly and cholestatic signs persisted. Liver biopsy results hinted at possible Niemann–Pick disease type C, but differential diagnostic investigations for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (Byler syndrome) indicated a heterozygous genotype suggestive of this disease. Further, progressive neurological symptoms prompted additional genetic analyses for possible Niemann–Pick disease type C, from which an as-yet unreported combination of known NPC1 gene mutations was identified, and a final diagnosis of Niemann–Pick disease type C was established. The patient subsequently developed typical neurological symptoms of early-infantile Niemann–Pick disease type C, including vertical supranuclear ophthalmoparesis and cerebellar ataxia. Miglustat therapy was initiated 2.5 years ago, and some improvements in movement and speech have since been observed.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the continued challenges associated with diagnosing Niemann–Pick disease type C based on the appearance of nonspecific cholestatic symptoms. Based on this case we recommend examination of all newborns and children who display unexplained cholestasis or isolated splenomegaly/hepatosplenomegaly during the first months of life for other signs of possible Niemann–Pick disease type C.

55-62. DOI: 10.21508/102755-62. DOI: 10.21508/ -4065-2017 Abstract: The article reports clinical case of early neonatal manifestation of a rare genetic disease -mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, confirmed in laboratory in Russia. Mutations of FBXL4, which encodes an orphan mitochondrial F-box protein, involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), ultimately leading to disruption of mtDNA replication and decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. It's a reason of abnormalities in clinically affected tissues, most of all the muscular system and the brain. In our case hydronephrosis on the right, subependimal cysts of the brain, partial intestinal obstruction accompanied by polyhydramnios were diagnosed antenatal. Baby's condition at birth was satisfactory and worsened dramatically towards the end of the first day of life. Clinical presentation includes sepsis-like symptom complex, neonatal depression, muscular hypotonia, persistent decompensated lactic acidosis, increase in the concentration of mitochondrial markers in blood plasma and urine, and changes in the basal ganglia of the brain. Imaging of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated global volume loss particularly the subcortical and periventricular white matter with significant abnormal signal in bilateral basal ganglia and brainstem with associated delayed myelination. Differential diagnosis was carried out with hereditary diseases that occur as a «sepsis-like» symptom complex, accompanied by lactic acidosis: a group of metabolic disorders of amino acids, organic acids, β-oxidation defects of fatty acids, respiratory mitochondrial chain disorders and glycogen storage disease. The diagnosis was confirmed after sequencing analysis of 62 mytochondrial genes by NGS (Next Generation Sequencing). Reported disease has an unfavorable prognosis, however, accurate diagnosis is very important for genetic counseling and helps prevent the re-birth of a sick child in the family.

Цель исследования. Анализ ранних и отдаленных результатов хирургического лечения детей с билиарной атрезией. В период с 2000 по 2018 г. операция по Касаи выполнена 120 пациентам с билиарной атрезией. Продолжительность наблюдения варьировала от 6 мес до 15 лет. Оценивалась выживаемость детей с нативной печенью и выживаемость без показаний к трансплантации печени в разные возрастные периоды, а также частота хирургических осложнений, бактериальных холангитов, портальной гипертензии и др. Результаты. Выживаемость детей с нативной печенью в течение 1 года составила 82,7%; в течение 2 лет-57,72%; 3 лет-49,6%; 5 лет-42,1%; 10 лет и более-33,25%. В случае эффективной операции отмечены восстановление цвета стула, купирование желтухи и постепенная нормализация уровня билирубина в течение 1-го года. Активность гамма-глутамилтрансферазы и трансаминаз у большинства детей повышалась в раннем послеоперационном периоде и постепенно снижалась в дальнейшем. Наиболее частыми послеоперационными осложнениями были эпизоды холангита и портальная гипертензия. В течение 1-го года эпизоды холангита выявлены у 50 (42,3%) из 119 детей вне зависимости от эффективности операции Касаи. Признаки портальной гипертензии имелись у 56 (47,75%) детей в течение 1-го года жизни, к 5-10 годам ее частота увеличивалась до 70%. Заключение. В большинстве случаев операция Касаи продлевает жизнь с нативной печенью, позволяет отложить трансплантацию органа и является эффективным методом лечения детей с билиарной атрезией. Наиболее частыми осложнениями являются холангиты и портальная гипертензия, раннее выявление и своевременное коррекция которых-неотъемлемая часть лечения данных пациентов.

The prospective study enrolled 144 patients after surgical treatment of biliary atresia in early infancy. We analyze the immediate effectiveness of the surgery and the age-related structure of complications in the up to 16-year follow-up. The immediate 2-year survival rate after the surgery constituted 49.5%. At the time of this writing, 17 of the patients have celebrated their 10th birthdays with good quality of life and no indications for LT. The obtained results underscore the critical importance of surgical correction of BA by Kasai surgery during the first 60 days of life and subsequent dynamic follow-up of the patients for the purpose of the early detection and timely correction of possible complications.