Research background: Innovative development of industries and regions in Russia during the period 2005–2011 has not brought significant positive results. Innovative activity of regions and industries remained at a low level. After a relatively stable 2012–2013, the Russian economy faced the geopolitical crisis and economic sanctions in 2014–2015. Purpose of the article: The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the innovative development patterns of industrial sectors in selected Russian regions in the years 2012–2015, which include the period of negative external environment (2014–2015) for the national economy. Methods: The study enhances the analysis of statistical data and applies quantitative analysis methods (variance analysis). The research focuses on 14 regions of Russia, members of the Association of Innovative Regions of Russia (AIRR) and 2 specific industries: section D «Manufacturing» and subsection DL «Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment» which usually manifest high level of innovative economic activity. Findings & Value added: The research results show that the crisis period of 2014–2015 has not stimulated the increased innovative activities for both industries. The innovative sector (section D) grew faster than the non-innovative one in 2013, but this advantage became insignificant in 2014–2015. Some signs of revival for innovative enterprises in subsection DL were observed during the crises beginning in 2014, but this trend was not retained in 2015. The analysis of structural indicators (proportions) of the innovative sector shows that only a few AIRR regions have values comparable to the leading European countries. Most of the AIRR regions lag behind the leading foreign countries specifically on the «Share of enterprises engaged in technological innovation» and «Share of new or significantly improved products» Indicators. The study did not reveal the statistically significant positive dynamics of these indicators in the AIRR regions over the period 2013–2015.
This paper analyses the development patterns for the foreign-owned enterprises in countries with an unstable economy. The object of research refers on enterprises in foreign (FO), joint (JO) and Russian (RO) ownership producing cars and auto components in the territory of the Russian Federation. The research is based on the application of method of regression analysis of panel data for analysing the financial performance of the enterprises. We have identified that foreign-owned enterprises react more sharply on crises and changes in exchange rates. The depreciation of the ruble has a particularly negative impact on the profitability of foreign-owned enterprises. The crisis periods have a strong negative impact on the revenue of enterprises by all forms of ownership.
Purpose The purpose of this study is the detection and comparison of distinctive features of Gazelle firms (GFs) at three stages evolution outside the typical boundaries.Design/methodology/approach The study uses Analysis of Variance and logistic regression to tests the performance of 2427 gazelles for (GFs) a five-year period (2015–2020).Findings The study found that GFs prediction probability is low. In their second and third stages of evolution (initial growth and continuing growth), the gazelle growth effects appear. They are more effective in terms of profitability and turnover due to increasing sales and size.Practical implications This study shows that stakeholders should give preference to GFs that demonstrate long-term (steady) growth. Such firms are more efficient and financially stable than firms with high short-term growth.Originality/value The present study identifies patterns in the generation and development of GFs in high-tech industries outside the typical boundaries.
The article presents the results of statistical analysis of differences in average salaries, labor intensity and payroll-output ratio for businesses with different ownership. The analysis included companies in vehicle production industry in various regions of Russia. We found that foreign and joint enterprises have on the average higher salaries with lower labor intensity and payroll-output ratio than the same indicators for domestic (Russian) enterprises. These results are supported by considerable significance of both parametric and non-parametric criteria for tested statistical hypothesis correspondence to averages values. Lower labor intensity and lower payroll-output ratio (or higher productivity) provide certain economic benefits (effects) for foreign and joint enterprises. However, it can lead to negative social results of the studied industry, since it will cause reduction in employment and payrolls.
Research background: There has been an extensive process of foreign and joint ownership enterprises establishment in the Russian economy since 2006. Domestic manufacturing industry has been experiencing certain pressure on behalf of foreign direct investment bringing new technologies and higher labor requirements. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to investigate differences in employment strategies and labor indicators in the case of enterprises in foreign and joint ownership (FJO) and domestic enterprises in Russian ownership (RO). We analyze the manufacturing industry in Russia and its regions under conditions of stable and crisis periods. Methods: The study enhances the analysis of Rosstat’s statistical data for 2005–2016 and applies ANOVA method to compare the employment results for companies with different ownership patterns. The research is carried out both at the national level of the Russian Federation and at the regional level according to the regions. Findings & Value added: The study identifies significant decline in employment and in-crease in productivity for the period of 2005–2016. In contrast to the crisis of 2008–2009, in 2014–2016 there has been no sharp drop in employment. However, there is a substantial decline in real salaries which is comparable to the crisis of 2008-2009. According to ANOVA, statistically significant differences in labor indicators between FJO and RO companies are manifested. RO companies dominate in employment and payroll funds, while FJO enter-prises have better productivity results with a higher average salary. FJO companies demonstrated faster growth in employment and payroll fund in relatively stable conditions (2012–2013). However, they reacted with a significant reduction in employment for a new crisis (2014–2016), although the creation of new FJO enterprises continued in separate regions of Russia. The results can be used in social policy to regulate the employment and earnings of industrial workers in the current economic conditions.
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