В работе приведены исследования по скрещиванию комбинированных пород крупного рогатого скота с мясными с целью создания репродуктивных мясных стад на базе использования помесных телок первого поколения. Во все возрастные периоды коровы симментальской, герефордской пород и их помеси с генотипом симменталы герефорды имели определенные различия по живой массе. Помеси превосходили по данному показателю в возрасте 3, 4 и 5 лет сверстниц симментальской породы на 6,78 3,98 и 3,61 и герефордской, соответственно, на 2,64 2,52 и 1,60. Они обладали хорошими воспроизводительными качествами. Так, в возрасте 205 дней дочери помесных коров по живой массе превосходили потомков чистопородных симментальских и герефордских коров, соответственно, на 21,78 и 3,64 кг. У помесных бычков выход туши был выше, чем у чистопородных симментальских и герефордских сверстников на 3,20 и 2,03, убойная масса на 73,40 и 38,37 кг, а убойный выход на 3,44 и 2,14, соответственно. В результате проведенной оценки показателей, характеризующих мясную продуктивность чистопородного и помесного потомства, можно сделать вывод о характере сочетаемости симментальской и герефордской пород и о том, что помеси, при сравнении их с исходными родительскими формами, имели во всех случаях лучшие показатели, характеризующие мясную продуктивность.The paper presents the research on the crossing of combined breeds with meat in order to create reproductive beef herds based on the use of firstgeneration mixed heifers. In all age periods of the Simmental and Hereford cows and their mixture with the genotype simmentals x the Hereford had certain differences in live weight. Hybrids aged exceeded in this indicator at the age of 3, 4 and 5 years of age peers of the Simmental breed by 6.78 3.98 and 3.61 and Hereford, respectively, by 2.64 2.52 and 1.60. Hybrids had good reproductive qualities. Thus, at the age of 205 days, the daughters of crossbred cows exceeded the descendants of purebred Simmental and Hereford cows by 21.78 and 3.64 kg, respectively. Crossbred bulls had higher carcass yield than purebred Simmental and Hereford peers by 3.2 and 2.03, slaughter weight by 73.40 kg and 38.37 kg, slaughter yield by 3.44 and 2.14, respectively. The result of the evaluation of indicators characterizing the meat productivity of purebred and crossbred offspring, it can be concluded that the nature of the compatibility of the Simmental and Hereford breed and that the hybrids, when compared with their original parent forms, had in all cases the best indicators characterizing the meat productivity of animals.В работе приведены исследования по скрещиванию комбинированных пород крупного рогатого скота с мясными с целью создания репродуктивных мясных стад на базе использования помесных телок первого поколения. Во все возрастные периоды коровы симментальской, герефордской пород и их помеси с генотипом симменталы герефорды имели определенные различия по живой массе. Помеси превосходили по данному показателю в возрасте 3, 4 и 5 лет сверстниц симментальской породы на 6,78 3,98 и 3,61 и герефордской, соответственно, на 2,64 2,52 и 1,60. Они обладали хорошими воспроизводительными качествами. Так, в возрасте 205 дней дочери помесных коров по живой массе превосходили потомков чистопородных симментальских и герефордских коров, соответственно, на 21,78 и 3,64 кг. У помесных бычков выход туши был выше, чем у чистопородных симментальских и герефордских сверстников на 3,20 и 2,03, убойная масса на 73,40 и 38,37 кг, а убойный выход на 3,44 и 2,14, соответственно. В результате проведенной оценки показателей, характеризующих мясную продуктивность чистопородного и помесного потомства, можно сделать вывод о характере сочетаемости симментальской и герефордской пород и о том, что помеси, при сравнении их с исходными родительскими формами, имели во всех случаях лучшие показатели, характеризующие мясную продуктивность.
Aim. To study the influence of linear affiliation on the meat productivity of Holstein gobies. Materials and Methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2019-2020 on the territory of a dairy unit for milk production, “Donskoe” farm enterprise, LLC, Kalachevsky district, the Volgograd region. For the experiment, 3 groups of 10 heads were formed according to the principle of analogues of purebred Holstein bulls from three lines: Reflection Sovering, Vis Back Ideal, and Montvik Chieftain. During the scientific and economic experiment, the technology of keeping animals used in beef cattle breeding was used. Classical and modern zootechnical methods are used in the process of research. The obtained research materials were processed by the method of variation statistics, taking into account the reliability criterion according to the Student, using the Microsoft Excel software package. Results. Studies have established that in order to achieve the desired parameters of the live weight gain of bull calves, it is necessary to drink them with whole milk. During 2.5 months, the experimental animals consumed 198 liters of whole milk per head. To obtain high average daily gains in fat mass from the 6th day of life, starter feed and finely crushed grain were introduced into the diet of steers. The norms of nutrients were determined depending on the planned growth and live weight. The results of changes in absolute indicators of live weight of calves with age showed that calves belonging to the line of Reflection Sovering 198998, with intensive cultivation, grow much faster than their peers from other lines. The results of the control slaughter show that at the age of 13 months, it is possible to obtain sufficiently full-bodied carcasses from animals. The largest carcass weight was observed in the Reflection Sovering 198998 bull calves (240.5 kg), which is 7.7 and 19.1 kg or 3.2 and 8.2% more than in the peers from other groups. When deboning carcasses, it was found that the bulls of the Reflection Sovering 198998 line also exceeded the pulp mass by 4.0 and 14.9 kg or 2.04 and 7.59% (P ≥ 0.99), and the pulp yield by 0.7 and 0.8%. Thus, it is established that the belonging of bull calves to different lines is related to the change in the composition of the carcass, the ratio between muscle, bone and adipose tissue. Conclusion. Scientific and economic experience shows that high indicators of meat productivity can be obtained from German-bred Holstein steers of various linear varieties, which can serve as a necessary reserve for increasing the level of beef production.
Aim. To study in a comparative aspect the reproductive abilities of crossbred heifers obtained as a result of industrial interbreeding. Material and Methods. Zootechnical and mathematical methods of analysis, as well as the documents of zootechnical breeding records available on the farm, cards of breeding bulls-producers were used in the course of research. The digital material was biometrically processed on a PC using the Microsoft Office Excel program. Results. Studies have shown that crossbred young animal of all four experimental groups were characterized by high growth rates and gain in live weight. At the same time, the most weighty and forward were the three-breed hybrid Hereford heifers of the III group with the genotype ½ hereford x ¼ charolais x ¼ simmenthal. However, the rapid gain in body weight did not affect the age of the onset and end of puberty in young animals of this group and amounted to 258.30 and 316.22 days. respectively. In crossbred heifers of Kalmyk breed of group I with a genotype of ½ kalmyks. x ¼ salers x ¼ simmenthal faster than all their peers, puberty began and ended (249.30 and 301.40 days, respectively), which made it possible to start inseminating them first (485.50 days). Conclusion. In crossbred first-calf heifers of all four genotypes, good maternal qualities were noted, which allows them to be used in the formation of broodstock in beef cattle breeding. To increase the production of beef and improve its quality, it is advisable to effectively use the genetic potential of the Kalmyk and Hereford breeds.
The article presents the results of feeding dairy cows in loose housing according to detailed nutrition requirements, depending on milk productivity. Experimental research were conducted on basis of a dairy complex of farm enterprise «Donskoe», LLC, of Kalachevsky District of Volgograd Region. The number of cows on the farm enterprise was 2500 animals at the beginning of the experiment. The feeding diets are presented for each of the groups of cows, formed in accordance with the daily productivity, indicating the main elements of nutritional and energy value. The increase in the energy value of the ration provided an increase in milk productivity. Thus, the energy value of diets increased from 234.53 MJ of exchange energy for cows with a minimum productivity of 29 kg of milk per day (first group) to 302.47 MJ of metabolic energy for cows with a maximum milk productivity of 35 kg and more (third group). The dry matter content in the diet increased from 23.22 to 27.93 kg, crude protein – from 3406.70 to 4624.48 g, respectively. The number of highly productive cows increased by 16.1%, productivity increased by 11% due to the transition to differentiated feeding.
The scientific article presents the results of the scientific experiment on the study of qualitative indicators of beef obtained from crossbreeding of beef cattle breeds in the conditions of Volgograd agricultural enterprise JSC “Berdievsky elevator”. Obtained crossbred steers at the age of 9 months were divided into 4 groups: I experimental - ½ of a cross (Hereford х Russian Komolaya), II experimental - ½ of a cross (Kazakh Whitehead х Kalmykian), III experimental - ½ of a cross (Kalmykian x Aberdin-Angusian) and IV experimental - ½ of a cross (Aberdin-Angusian x Simmentalian). Formed groups of animals were put on fattening until 16 months of age. Growth dynamics of steers, morphological composition of blood and carcasses, qualitative characteristics of beef were evaluated.
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