Используя потенциальное плодородие посагрогенных почв, можно выращивать целевые древесные насаждения и получать балансовую и товарную древесину в более короткие сроки, чем на землях лесного фонда. Проблематика данного вопроса мало исследована и в настоящее время необходимо оценить перспективность выращивания насаждений высокой продуктивности на постагрогенных. Целью проведённого исследования было сравнение лесных и постагрогенных почв по таким параметрам, как содержание углерода органического вещества и общего азота, для прогнозирования перспективности организации хозяйства с ускоренным выращиванием продуктивных древесных насаждений на залежных землях. На постагрогенных и лесопокрытых землях были подобраны площади со сходными условиями почвообразования под спелыми древостоями, относящихся к типам леса: черничник, кисличник и дубравнотравный и почвенными комплексами постагрогенных залежных земель. Проводилась оценка ряда физико-химических показателей почв по общепринятым в почвоведении методикам: определялся гранулометрический состав, плотность сложения и мощность генетических почвенных горизонтов. Плотность сложения всех горизонтов оценивалась по Качинскому; определение углерода проводилось сухим озолением, общего азота по Кьельдалю, рН солевой вытяжки потенциометрическим методом.Анализ запасов углерода органического вещества (Сорг) и азота (Nобщ) в генетических горизонтах почв черничного, кисличного и дубравнотравного типов леса показывает увеличение содержания органического вещества и общего азота от черничного к дубравнотравному типу леса. Происходит снижение содержания органического углерода от гумусового горизонта к оподзоленному: в дубравнотравных типах леса – в 2,8; кисличных – в 7,6; в черничных – в 8,5 раз. Возобновление на постагрогенных землях носит куртинный характер или происходит по микро понижениям бывших борозд. Содержание органического вещества в пахотном горизонте данных участков постагрогенных земель находится на уровне кисличного типа леса. Содержание общего азота в данных почвах высокое от 5 до 7,4 т/га – на уровне дубравнотравного типа леса. Отношение С:N, которое характеризует обогащенность гумуса азотом, для большинства гумусовых горизонтов почв составляет 8–10, что отвечает высокой и средней степени обеспеченности этим элементом. По содержанию Сорг и Nобщ в верхнем горизонте почвы образуют следующий убывающий ряд: травяно-дубравный тип леса > залежные земли > кисличный тип леса > черничный тип леса > пашня. Проведённый сравнительный анализ физического и агрохимического состояния постагрогенных и лесных почв показал, что несмотря на предшествующее антропогенное воздействие, агрозёмный горизонт сохраняет высокое содержание органического вещества и общего азота. Ухудшение свойств постагрогенных почв на исследуемых участках не происходит и трансформации в сторону природных лесных почв региона не наблюдается, несмотря на длительный период залежности (свыше 30 лет). Соотношение углерода и азота в постагрогенных почвах по почвенному профилю показывает более высокое плодородие, чем в лесных почвах, где показатель С:N оптимален только части горизонта А1. Оценивая пригодность обследованных участков залежных земель на предмет ускоренного выращивания различных древесных пород для получения биомассы, можно констатировать, что уровень содержания органического вещества и общего азота превышает или соответствует условиям произрастания по IA –I классу бонитета для региона исследования. Using potential fertility mosagrogen soil you can grow of target woody plants and to balance and marketable timber in a shorter time than in the lands of the forest Fund. The problem of this issue is little investigated and now it is necessary to assess the prospects of growing high productivity plantations on postagrogenic. The aim of the study was to compare forest and postagrogenic soils in such parameters as the carbon content of organic matter and total nitrogen, to predict the prospects for the organization of the economy with the accelerated cultivation of productive tree plantations on fallow lands. In postagrogenic and wooded land were selected in the area with similar conditions of soil formation under ripe forest stands belonging to the forest types: myrtillus, oxalis and quercus-herbosa and postagrogenic soil complexes of fallow lands. Conducted assessment of some physico-chemical parameters of soil common in soil science methods: determined particle size distribution, the density of the composition and power of the genetic soil horizons. The density of addition of all horizons was estimated by Kaczynski; determination of carbon was carried out by dry ashing, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, pH salt extraction by the potentiometric method. Analysis of carbon stocks of organic matter (С) and nitrogen (N) in the genetic horizons of soils of blueberry, acidic and oak-grass forest types shows an increase in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen from blueberry to oak-grass forest type. There is a decrease in the content of organic carbon from the humus horizon to the ashed one: in quercus-herbosa forest types – 2.8, acidic – 7.6, myrtillus – 8.5 times. The postagrogenic restoration to the land is curtains character or occurs at the micro depressions of the former furrows. The organic matter content in the arable horizon of postagrogenic parcel of land be at the level of parents type of the wood. The content of total nitrogen in these soils is high from 5 to 7.4 t/ha – at the level of oak-grass forest type. The ratio C: N, which characterizes the enrichment of humus nitrogen, for most humus horizons of soils is 8-10, which corresponds to a high and medium degree of security with this element. According to the content of weeds and Communities in the upper horizon of the soil form the following decreasing series: quercus-herbosa type forest > lands >forest oxalis type > myrtillus type forest > arable land. Comparative analysis of physical and agrochemical condition of postagrogenic and forest soils showed that, in spite of previous anthropogenic impact, agronomy horizon maintains a high organic matter content and total nitrogen. Deterioration of the properties of postagrogenic soils in the study areas does not occur and transformation in the direction of natural forest soils of the region is not observed, despite the long period of occurrence (over 30 years). The ratio of carbon and nitrogen in postagrogenic soils by soil profile shows a higher fertility than in forest soils, where the indicator C:N is optimal only part of the horizon A1. Assessing the suitability of the surveyed areas of fallow lands for the accelerated cultivation of different species of wood to produce biomass, it can be stated that the level of organic matter and total nitrogen exceeds or corresponds to the conditions of growth in Ia –I class of bonitet for the region of the study.
This work investigates the influence of vegetation succession processes on the soil changes of former arable lands. It was noted that on post-agricultural soils, accumulation of organic matter in the soil differs, depending on the state of the land plot. The analysis shows that influence of vegetation on the accumulation of organic matter in the former arable horizon has a distinctly linear nature. The dominant species are mesotrophic and mesophyte plants, requiring little more than soils with mineral nutrients and sufficient humidity. The amount of organic matter accumulated in the upper horizon of the soil is greater than that of the underlying horizon. The content of organic matter in the soil horizons of the studied area is characterized by a distinct decreasing pattern in the direction from the forest edge to the field edge. Overall, it can be noted that farther away from the forest edge, the soils change from moderately acidic to slightly acidic. At this stage, depending on the succession state of the post-agricultural soil plot, the amount of organic matter in it is determined either by the species forming the soil cover and (or), to a greater extent, by tree and shrub vegetation. The optimum of the organic matter accumulation shifts to the zone with a large share of tree species.
The purpose of the study was to compare forest and postagrogenic soils by parameters such as carbon content in organic matter and total nitrogen to predict the fertility state of lands that are at the stage of restoration of woody vegetation. Areas with similar soil formation conditions were selected on the postagrogenic and forested lands having mature forest stands related with such types of forest: Myrtillosum forest, Oxalidosum and Herbosa-Composita forest, and also areas under the soil complexes of postagrogenic fallow lands. A number of physico-chemical indicators for the soil were assessed according to the methods generally accepted in soil science: the particle size distribution, the bulk density and the thickness of the pedogenic horizons were determined. An analysis of the carbon stocks in organic matter (C org ) and nitrogen (N total ) in the genetic horizons of the soils of myrtillosum, Oxalidosum and Herbosa-Composita forest types shows an increase in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen from Myrtillosum to Herbosa-Composita forest type. A comparative analysis of the physical and agrochemical state of postagrogenic and forest soils showed that, despite the previous anthropogenic impact, the agroland horizon retains a high content of organic matter and total nitrogen. The properties of postagrogenic soils in the studied areas are not deteriorated, and the transformation towards the natural forest soils of the region is not observed, despite the long period of fallowing.
The study of the regeneration processes on the postagrogenic lands in different landscape conditions of the North-West region was carried out. The main factors for the successful regeneration of spruce and pine on postagrogenic lands are the distance to the source of seeds and the amount of deciduous tree-shrub species. The significant influence on the regeneration of tree species on the sandy postagrogenic lands has a pyrogenic effect. Depending on the landscape characteristics, the process of forming the species composition of the stand will have its own succession line of development. The growth of spruce and pine in most plots is more intensive than on the lands of the forest fund. It is necessary to regulate the regeneration processes of economically valuable species in order to involve the postagrogenic lands in economic circulation.
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