В статье рассматривается опыт эксплуатации ветроэнергетического комплекса с ветроэлектрической установкой малой мощности (5 кВт), применение которого перспективно для электроснабжения удаленных объектов нефтедобычи, геологоразведочных и других видов работ по добыче полезных ископаемых. Приведена структура исследуемого комплекса и его характеристики, технические проблемы, возникшие при эксплуатации в течение 6 лет. Рассмотрены элементы ветроэнергетического комплекса -регулятор заряда аккумуляторных батарей и инвертор-преобразователь. Рассмотрены последствия выхода из строя механического регулятора заряда аккумуляторных батарей и представлены рекомендации по его замене. Подробно освещены вопросы диагностики и ремонта одного из основных элементов комплекса -инверторапреобразователя, его составной части -звена постоянного тока. Представлены осциллограммы выходного напряжения инвертора-преобразователя при различной емкости звена постоянного тока и приведены изображения отремонтированного инвертора-преобразователя. Даны рекомендации по выбору инверторапреобразователя и настройке режимов работы ветроэнергетического комплекса. Ключевые слова: автономный инвертор напряжения; звено постоянного тока; ветроэлектрическая установка; ветроэнергетика; аккумуляторная батарея Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-38-00530.
In this article, the authors consider the possibility of using a hybrid energy storage system to even out the load profile of the enterprise. Solving the problem of rational use of energy storage taking into account the initial variable load schedule will significantly reduce not only the cost of electricity consumption by the enterprise, but also the costs of its production. Detailed characteristics of batteries with various types of electrolytes and supercapacitors are given. A model of the active scheme of a hybrid electric energy storage system consisting of a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor unit with the corresponding characteristics is presented. The model was carried out by using the SimPowerSystems software in MatLab. During the simulation, the temperature and the aging effects and of the batteries were not taken into account. The selfdischarge parameter of the battery was also not presented. As a result of the simulation, discharge characteristics of supercapacitors and batteries were obtained based upon which the expediency of their combined use for leveling load profiles of various types was substantiated. The paper presents the results of the simulation of operating modes of a hybrid energy storage device, combining the advantages of two types of energy storage devices, as well as a diagram of delivered power to the network, corresponding to the specified parameters. The paper provides a mathematical description of the increasing power by hybrid storage system resulting from the combined use of supercapacitors and batteries. The paper presents the dependence of the power increase ratio on the frequency and the pulse current duty ratio, which proves that the maximum possible output power of the hybrid storage system can be several times greater than the power of a single battery having the same parameters.
In this article, the authors reviewed a new technology to prevent the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits by the thermal method of electrothermal impact on the oil wellbore shaft using a wind-electric installation as an autonomous power source. The advantage of this thermal stimulation technique lies in its continuous nature, which will allow keeping the clear opening of the tubing constant. The scheme of the autonomous system for down-hole electric heating of oil is presented. A tubular or induction heater can serve as an electric heating element placed in the well. The heating element of the system can be used in the wells exploited by freeflow, gas lift and mechanized methods, while its installation does not require an overhaul. The paraffin oil saturation temperature and temperature distribution over the depth of the well were defined. The amount of heat, which must be transferred to the oil mixture in the tubing in order to ensure effective operation of the well, taking into account the dynamic state of the system, is calculated. The optimal depth of the heating element's location in the well and its power was determined. The calculation of the required power for wind-electric installation to maintain the set temperature in the wellbore was performed. Having conducted the studies, it was revealed that in order to prevent the asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits formation on the tubing walls of oil wells, it is expedient to use the in-line heater, which maintains the average steady-state temperature along the wellbore and at the wellhead above the initial crystallization point of the asphaltresin-paraffin deposits. The application of the developed electrothermal system is relevant in the conditions of formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits in the wellbore shaft at the fields, which do not have a connection to the centralized power grid.
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