The effect of the plasma treatment on the wicking properties of the textile materials based on natural cellulose fibres (the cotton and flax yarn and the textile fabrics) is examined in order to explore the possibility of its application in finishing processes. The samples were processed in a plasma of a high-frequency capacity discharge under reduced pressure and the height of the capillary rise of water was determined. Processing of experimental results was performed by the method of regression analysis. The article describes the representative curves of the dependencies of the capillarity of the textile materials on the type of plasma gas, the duration and the power of the plasma treatment. It is found that the influence pattern of the plasma treatment parameters is similar for all considered textile materials. To reach the maximum values of the capillary rise of water for a dense material (including the yarn with a higher linear density), a longer-term effect and a greater power are required than for a rarefied material (the yarn with a lower linear density). The optimum ranges of the plasma treatment parameters are determined. For the cotton textile fabric Wd = 1.2-2.0 kW, τ = 300-700 s, at G = 0.04 g / s, Р = 13 Pa. For the flax yarn Wd = 0.8-1.8 kW, τ = 300-700 s at G = 0.04 g / s, Р = 13 Pa.
The authors studied the effect of capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) discharge at low pressure on cotton fiber. It is shown that non-cellulose impurities of cotton fiber are removed during processing: the content of extracted substances is reduced by 22-70% depending on the type of solvent when using air, by 5-6% – when using argon. The surface of the fibers becomes hydrophilic, additional submicroscopic pores appear, the roughness increases 1.6 times, water absorption increases 1,5-1,8 times. Discontinuous knitted fabric dyeing was carried out varying the concentration of the active dyes (remasol) in the dye-bath. It was found that the sorption capacity of cotton fibers in relation to the dye increases on average 1.1-1.25 times. To achieve the required color intensity of plasma pre-treated samples dye concentration on average 10-30% less than in the controlled dyeing is needed. The concentrations of dyes that allow obtaining the same intensity of color for the knitted fabric prepared in different ways are selected.
The article discusses the influence of the presence of polyurethane (elastomeric) threads in the composition of a textile material on the effect of plasma modification of hygroscopic properties. The objects of the study were textile (knitted) fabrics based on cotton fibers with the addition of Dorlastan threads. The samples were processed in the plasma of a high-frequency capacitive discharge at a reduced pressure, as the plasma-forming gas was used air. Experiments have shown that the water absorption of the samples after plasma treatment is increased by an average of 1.5 times. The presence of Dorlastan thread does not significantly affect the result of the plasma modification, since the samples are completely immersed in water and the elastomeric threads do not limit the water absorption of its cotton component. The degree of capillary rise, on the contrary, depends on the presence of polyurethane threads. In samples made of 100% cotton, the increase occurs up to 190-. According to these samples, polyurethane threads prevent the capillarity of water by about 4 times. Kinetic curves of water absorption are given. The results suggest that other processing treatments are required to render the polyurethane threads hydrophilicity by plasma treatment. This should be considered in the development of plasma methods for treating textile materials, including in terms of matrix for composite materials.
Macroporous membranes based on terpolymers of 2,3-epoxypropylmethacrylate, Nvinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and ethylenedimethacrylate were prepared by radical suspension copolymerization and subsequently modified with ammonia. The membranes were characterized by their porosity, specific surface area, pore size, water permeability and mechanical properties. The low content of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone improves the mechanical properties of the membranes. The mechanism of formation of the macroporous structure and heterogeneities is discussed.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Makroporose Membranen aus Terpolymeren von 2,3-Epoxypropylmethacrylat, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon und Ethylendimethacrylat, wurden durch radikalische Suspensionscopolymerisation hergestellt und danach mit Ammoniak modifiziert. Charakteristische Eigenschaften der Membranen wie Porositat, spezifische Oberflache, Porengriise, Wasserdurchlassigkeit und mechanische Eigenschaften wurden bestimmt. Ein niedriger Gehalt an N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon verbessert die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Membranen. Der Mechanismus der Bildung der makroporiisen Struktur und der Heterogenitaten wird diskutiert.
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