The relatively successful overcoming by the Russian economy of 2021 with an increase in GDP of 4.3% and investment in fixed assets of 5.6% inspires cautious optimism associated with the ability of the system of state power in crisis periods to target managerial influences, mobilizing the resources required to correct the macroeconomic situation. Already in the middle of the year, the 2020 recession caused by the pandemic consequences has been overcome, and there were good reasons to expect this trend to continue in 2022. To reach the targets of the annual GDP growth of the Eurasian Economic Union by 5-5.5%, established by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (the level of the heads of the EAEU states), there are all possibilities: production capacities that are not loaded by a third, the resources of the common labor market of the EAEU are far from exhausted, the abundance of exported industrial raw materials and energy resources, the scientific and technical potential involved by barely a quarter. According to our estimates, the available production capacities and untapped resources allow increasing output by more than 8% per year, however, the tightening of the monetary policy pursued by the Bank of Russia and following the same restrictive paradigm of the central (national) banks of the partner countries of the Union do not allow subordinating the existing reserves to development goals and achieving faster growth rates.
Введение. Цифровая трансформация общества внесла существенные коррективы в образовательный процесс. При решения задач, стоящих перед педагогическими работниками, особая роль отводится готовности к онлайн-образованию. В статье рассматриваются инструменты, позволяющие объективно оценить готовность преподавателей и организаций среднего профессионального образования (СПО) к реализации онлайн-образования, в частности, с помощью авторской автоматизированной программной системы SPO_ON-LINE. Цель: обоснование преимуществ использования автоматизированной программной системы в качестве диагностического инструментария оценки готовности преподавателей и организаций СПО к онлайн-образованию. Методы. Анализ литературы по теме исследования, обобщение и систематизация полученных выводов, пилотное тестирование. Результаты. Представлены критерии и показатели, отражающие готовность преподавателей и организаций СПО к реализации онлайн-образования, разработаны методы их измерения, а также методика построения диагностического заключения. В рамках реализации исследования разработан и апробирован автоматизированный диагностический инструментарий, позволяющий персонализировать процесс повышения уровня готовности к онлайн-образованию педагогов и руководителей СПО. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для определения готовности преподавателей и организаций СПО к онлайн-образованию в условиях цифровой трансформации системы образования. Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Министерства просвещения РФ «Институционализация онлайн-образования в трансформирующейся образовательной среде СПО и модификация инструментов подготовки педагогических работников СПО в условиях цифровой трансформации» (прикладное исследование, № 073-00104-22-01). Introduction. Digital transformation has made significant adjustments to the educational process of vocational education. Special attention should be paid to readiness for online education in order for teachers to solve the tasks they are facing. The article examines the tools for diagnosing the readiness of teachers and secondary vocational education organisations to implement online education using an automated software system. The aim of the article is to substantiate the superiority of an automated software system as a diagnostic tool for assessing the readiness of teachers of secondary vocational education organisations for online education. Methods. Analysis of scientific publications, generalisation and systematisation of the findings, testing approach, multidimensional evaluation approach. Results. Criteria and indicators reflecting the readiness of the teaching staff of secondary vocational education organisations to implement online education were introduced; methods of measuring them as well as a methodology for constructing a diagnostic conclusion were developed; an automated diagnostic tool, which can personalise the training for online education among teachers and heads of secondary vocational education organisations was developed and tested. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to determine the readiness of teachers and organisations of secondary vocational education for online education in the context of digital transformation of the education system. Funding. The work was carried out within the state task of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation “Institutionalisation of online education in the transforming educational environment of vocational education and modification of tools for the training of teaching staff of vocational education under digital transformation” (applied research, No. 073-00104-22-01).
The topic of digital services tax (DST), applied in a number of foreign jurisdictions, remains relevant, and there is an active discussion in the scientific community on the advisability of introducing such a tax in Russia. The purpose of the study is to characterize the directions of the impact of such a tax on economic growth for the justification of the expediency of its introduction in Russia. The hypothesis is that the introduction of indirect DST will not lead to the withdrawal of part of the property of foreign digital giants in favor of the Russian budget, since the tax burden will be completely transferred to Russian consumers of these services, which in turn will have a negative impact on the economic growth of the domestic economy. The study of the theoretical foundations of DST and the practice of its application in foreign countries has revealed its inconsistency with the principles of neutrality and non-discrimination of taxation, the complexity of tax administration. Using economic and mathematical tools, a model was developed for transferring the tax burden when introducing DST from a foreign company to Russian clients of the platform and end consumers in Russia. A simulation experiment using Airbnb as an example showed that if a digital tax of 3% is introduced in Russia, Airbnb’s profit indicator is potentially expected to grow (which will be taxed in the Netherlands); decrease in profits of Russian Airbnb clients (Russian hotels); increase in Airbnb’s end-customer costs. Presumably, tolerable scenario is that the full burden of the digital tax will be passed on to domestic taxpayers due to the indirect nature of the digital tax. As a result of the study, the hypothesis about the lack of economic feasibility of introducing indirect DST in Russia was confirmed.
Aim. Substantiation of the thesis on the need to increase the annual growth of the EAEU economy by 6–8% through the implementation of a unified strategy for the accelerated development of target indicators as the level of economic development converges, their sustainable convergence and the activation of the existing production and scientific and technical potential of the Union Member States. At the same time, the nationally oriented financial policy of the Bank of Russia should play an important role.Tasks. Rationale:– the need to supplement the target development scenario presented in the Guidelines for the Economic Development of the EAEU until 2030 with a strategy for accelerated development and solving national security problems;– formation of a nationwide macroeconomic policy, including its monetary component;– carrying out deoffshorization of the economy and stopping the unauthorized export of capital;– supplementing the Eurasian economic integration with monetary, monetary, educational, scientific and technical policies and the transition to national currencies in mutual trade and investment in the EAEU, CIS, BRICS, SCO.Methods. Macroeconomic modeling, methods of mathematical statistics, big data analysis, demographic analysis.Results. The necessity of a significant refinement of the main directions of the unified state monetary policy of Russia, which ensures its entry into the sixth technological order and the irreversible convergence of the production and scientific and technical potential of the EAEU member states, is substantiated.Conclusion. The proposed comprehensive approach will make it possible to fully implement the adopted Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025, lay the foundations for a new stage of integration with the achievement of significant milestones set in the interests of the countries and peoples of our integration association.
Nanotechnologies are the key factor in the formation of a new technological order that has entered the growth phase. China and India form the core of a new (integral) world economic order, the main goal is to increase social welfare. Russia does not develop scientific and technical potential, does not master the institutions of the new order. The main reason is the significant underfunding of R&D. At the same time, the export of capital reached a critical value (240 billion dollars), part of the capital (foreign exchange reserves) was arrested. The positive trend of a decrease in the share of the EU and North America in Russian foreign economic activity is emphasized, with a sharp increase in the share of partners from Southeast Asia (India and China).
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