Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects more than 30 million men; endothelial dysfunction plays a significant role in EDs pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to administer mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from adipose tissue and platelet lysate (PL) into patients with erectile dysfunction. This pilot study enrolled eight patients with diagnosed ED. Patients enrolled were suffering from organic ED due to diabetes melitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and Peyronie disease. The patients were distributed in 2 groups. Patients in group A received adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) resuspended in PL while patients in group B received only PL. ADMSCs were isolated from patients’ adipose tissue and expanded. In addition, blood sampling was obtained from the patients in order to isolate platelet lysate. After the application of the above treatments, patients were evaluated with an International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, penile triplex, and reported morning erections. After MSCs and PL administration, patients presented improved erectile function after 1 and 3 months of follow-up. A statistically significant difference was observed in the IIEF-5 score before and after administration of both treatments after the first month (p < 0.05) and the third month (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the IIEF-5 score between group A and B patients. All patients were characterized by improved penile triplex and increased morning erections. No severe adverse reactions were observed in any patient except a minor pain at the site of injection, which was in the limits of tolerability. The results of this study indicated the satisfactory use of MSCs and PL in ED. MSCs in combination with PL or PL alone seems to be very promising, especially without having the negative effects of the current therapeutic treatment.

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Major urologic oncology procedures such as radical cystectomy (RC), radical prostatectomy (RP), radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and radical or partial nephrectomy are the gold standard operations for the treatment of urological malignancies not suitable to be dealt with using minimal invasive procedures such as transurethral resection or other conservative approaches. However, these surgical procedures carry significant risk of complications, especially in elderly and frail patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight the use of a wide variety of preoperative frailty and health status indexes and calculators. Recent data from large population based studies confirm that these calculators can assist physicians and urologists to predict the postoperative morbidity of patients undergoing major operations. Moreover, these frailty calculators can help urologists choose the most suitable and safe treatment for every individual patient. However, the absence of widely accepted specific urologic oncology calculators to predict the association between frailty and postoperative complications emphasizes the necessity for the use of a combination of calculators.

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Frailty syndrome is an age-related clinical condition in which someone is prone to negative health associated outcomes such as reduction in physical activity, disability and hospitalizations 1. In particular, frail individuals are vulnerable to all these outcomes when exposed to stressors, both endogenous and exogenous 1. These stressors may have different consequences concerning people with frailty to achieve complete recovery of their former health status 1. Nowadays, health care professionals have to deal with increasingly older patients and their decline in functioning among multiple systems of their body 2. Therefore, over the past 20 years, assessment tools and indexes have been developed in order to identify people who are at great risk for adverse health associated outcomes related to frailty 3,4. Moreover, these tools and indexes may allow us to detect frail individuals perioperatively and determine our treatment strategy for frail surgical patients in order to reduce postoperative complications 4,5. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infectious diseases which are very common in humans and are caused by bacteria entering urethra, developing in the bladder and spreading to kidneys. They can be located in any part of the urinary tract 6. Apart from uncomplicated UTIs which can resolve either spontaneously or with antibiotics, there are also more complicated forms such us catheter-associated UTI (CaUTI), recurrent UTI (rUTI), male UTIs 7. The accurate diagnosis of these infections and early treatment play a pivotal role due to risk of recurrence, septicaemia and long-term consequences 8. UTIs are a considerable cause of morbidity among elders 9. However, the global antibiotic use for UTIs and their recurrence has led to increased antibiotic resistance making their treatment particularly challenging 10 .

Penile strangulation following placement of metallic rings is a rare clinical entity that needs urgent attention to avoid potentially severe clinical consequences. Careful handling and occasionally a multidisciplinary approach are the keys to a successful outcome.

Penile abscess is a urological entity rarely described in the literature. It has been associated with injection therapy for erectile dysfunction, penile instrumentation, trauma and priapism. Identified risk factors include immunosuppresion and pre-existing local or distant infection. Common causal microorganisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci and Bacteroides . We herein report on a case of penile abscess in a 37-year-old patient occurring after sexual trauma and presenting with bacteremia.

Dulaglutide is an injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes. Angioedema is defined as self-limiting edema, localized in the deeper layers of the skin and mucosa. Angioedema can be hereditary or acquired which can be allergic due to reactions to foods, insect bites and stings, and latex, drug-induced, caused by physical stimuli and associated with lupus erythematosus and hypereosinophilia. Angioedema represents a rare adverse event of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. The only glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that has been mentioned to induce angioedema in literature is exenatide. We report the first case of dulaglutide-associated angioedema in a 72-year-old male in order to point out to the clinicians this potential rare side effect of this drug and its clinical significance.