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The production of hydrogen by the reforming of methanol was studied in a continuously operated tubular reactor made of the nickel-based alloy Inconel 625. Experiments were performed at pressures from 25 to 45 MPa and temperatures in the range of 400−600 °C. The concentration of the aqueous feed varied from 5 to 64 wt % methanol. Residence times under reaction temperature conditions varied in the range from 3 to 100 s. The main component of the product gas is hydrogen, with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane. Methanol conversion is up to 99.9% without addition of a catalyst. Obviously, the heavy metals on the inner surface of the reactor influence the composition of the product gas and the conversion rate. Oxidation of the reactor inner surface before gasification turned out to enhance the reaction rate and to decrease the carbon monoxide concentration.

One approach of Power-to-X is the coupling of the energy and chemical sector, using electrolysis for syngas generation and microbial gas conversion for the production of biochemicals. On the verge of commercialization, known challenges of gas fermentation technology are poor mass transfer of syngas, low cell concentration and productivity. These problems can be addressed by an intelligent reactor design. Thus, this article provides an overview on the current state of the art for reactor technology in syngas fermentation and discusses possible concepts with regard to an application at industrial scale.

The influence of pressure, temperature, residence time, and alkali addition on the gasification of corn starch, clover grass and corn silage in supercritical water was investigated. Changing the pressure did not alter the gasification yield. An increase in the temperature notably improved the conversion of biomass. Residence time variations revealed that with longer residence time, gasification yield was improved until a maximum was reached. Gas composition changed with residence time and temperature. Potassium addition affected the gasification yield of corn starch, but did not influence the gasification yield of the potassium-containing natural products of clover grass and corn silage. q