An information system like the Web is a continuously evolving system consisting of multiple heterogeneous information sources, covering a wide domain of discourse, and a huge number of users (human or software) with diverse characteristics and needs, that produce and consume information. The challenge nowadays is to build a scalable information infrastructure enabling the e ective, accurate, content-based retrieval of information, in a way that adapts to the characteristics and interests of the users. The aim of this work is to propose formally sound methods for building such an information network based on ontologies which are widely used and are easy to grasp by ordinary Web users. The main results of this work are:A n o vel scheme for indexing and retrieving objects according to multiple aspects or facets. The proposed scheme is a faceted scheme enriched with a method for specifying the combinations of terms that are valid. We give a model-theoretic interpretation to this model and we p r o vide mechanisms for inferring the valid combinations of terms. This inference service can beexploited for preventing errors during the indexing process, which is very important especially in the case where the indexing is done collaboratively by many users, and for deriving "complete" navigation trees suitable for browsing through the Web. The proposed scheme has several advantages over the hierarchical classi cation schemes currently employed by Web catalogs, namely, conceptual clarity (it is easier to understand), compactness (it takes less space), and scalability (the update operations can be formulated more easily and be performed more e ciently).A exible and e cient model for building mediators over ontology-based information sources. The proposed mediators support several modes of query translation and evaluation which can accommodate various application needs and levels of answer quality. The proposed model can be used for providing users with customized views of Web catalogs. It can also complement the techniques for building mediators over relational sources ii so as to support approximate translation of partially ordered domain values.A data-driven method for articulating ontologies. This method can be used for the automatic, or semi-automatic, construction of an articulation between two or more materialized ontologies. A distinctive feature of this method is that it is independent of the nature of the objects, i.e. the objects may beimages, audio, video, etc, and that it can beimplemented e ciently by a communication protocol, t h us the involved ontologies (sources) can bedistant.A n o vel method for fusing the results of sources which return ordered sets of objects. The proposed method is based solely on the actual results which are returned by e a c h source for each q u e r y . The nal (fused) ordering of objects is derived by aggregating the orderings of each source by a voting process. In addition, the fused ordering is accompanied by a level of agreement (alternatively construed as the level of co...
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