Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is of high phytopathological and scientific significance among viroids. It shows very unique molecular characteristics among viroids and is a serious pathogen widely spread internationally, while its host range Apart from peach is questioned by some researchers. Pome and stone fruits, on the other hand, basic crops of great economical significance, in Greece and internationally, are also affected by other serious viroid pathogens, such as Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) and Pear blister cancer viroid (PBCVd). In Greece, our information about the presence of PLMVd, ASSVd and PBCVd in cultivated and wild pome and stone fruits and other Rosaceae is limited.This doctorate thesis started with a preliminary survey in Greece for the presence of the above mentioned three viroids in pome and stone fruit and spontaneous woody Rosaceae.Later, the analytical study of PLMVd was selected as the subject of this research, due to the particular significance of the viroid, while the other viroids of cultivated and wild pome and stone fruits species became the subject of another doctorate thesis.ASSVd was detected in pears and wild pears, as well as in apples and wild apples (Μ. sylvestris), in the last two species for the fist time in Greece and internationally, respectively. In all cases, the fruits of the plants examined showed the characteristic scar skin symptomatology. With respect to PBCVd, high frequency was recorded in nature in cultivated and wild pear with characteristic blister canker symptomatology on the bark of the trunk and branches, while it was also detected in quince and Crataegus; its presence in Crataegus in nature is recorded for first time, while previous reports refered to experimental transmission.The analytical study of PLMVd included the recording of its presence in peach, other Rosaceae in the field and in nature as well as in peach nurseries in various parts of Greece, the molecular characterization of its local isolates and the study of their phylogenetic relationships, and finally, the adoption/adjustment/improvement and practical application in the detection of PLMVd of novel and advanced diagnostic techniques.The examination of peach samples coming from the most important peach-producing regions in Greece revealed a high (75%) incidence of PLMVd, and, to this, peach germplasm seemed to play an important role. At the same time the presence of PLMVd in wild and cultivated pear was confirmed, while its presence in apricot, plum and sweet cherry was recorded for the first time in Greece, and in quince for the first time internationally. Moreover using the real time RT-PCR, it was estimated that the detectable viroid concentration in nonpeach samples was in average 99.6 % lower than in peach. This finding may explain the difficulty to detect PLMVd in species other than peach.Sixty six (66) different PLMVd clones were obtained sizing 337 to 340 nt, and their sequence were identified. Sixty two (62) of these clones were identified as new PLMVd xviii variants. Phylogenetic ...
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