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Temperature distribution on the eyes of drunk persons is studied by means of thermal infrared images. The sclera and the iris are of the same temperature for the sober person, while for the intoxicated person, the sclera temperature increases. Consequently, only the thermal images from the drunk persons are necessary for intoxication screening. Forty-one participants drank in a controlled alcohol consumption procedure. Their breath alcohol concentration was above the threshold of 0.2 mg/L of exhaled air, which corresponds to about 0.5 mg of alcohol per cubic centimeter of blood. Histogram modification algorithms were employed to prove that for 36 among the 41 intoxicated persons, the sclera becomes hotter. The Student t-test verified with over 99% confidence the drunk discrimination capabilities of the procedure. The forensic science potential contribution of the method is that face infrared imagery is available to the authorities for supporting intoxication in case of criminal actions.

Introduction and Objectives: Virtual Basket TM , Bubble Blast TM , and Vapor Tunnel TM are three laser pulse modulation technologies that modify the holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser pulse transmission through the creation of bubbles emerging from the fiber tip with different effects on the target stone. The primary outcome of the current study was to test the stone ablation rates for the different pulse modulation modes, Virtual Basket, Bubble Blast, and Vapor Tunnel, using different power, energy, and frequency settings. Materials and Methods: Quanta Cyber: Ho 150 W TM , a 365 µm Precision TM fiber, and hard and soft phantom BegoStones TM were used in an in vitro experimental configuration in a saline bath. In the Virtual Basket mode, the combinations of power, energy and frequency were tested; 10 W = 0.5

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