ΣΥΝΟΨΗΤα μαργαϊκά εδάφη παρουσιάζονται κυρίως με λευκοκίτρινο χρώμα. Στα ακατέργαστα δείγματα κατά σειρά αφθονίας επικρατούν τα ορυκτά: ασβεστίτης (31-59%), αργιλικά ορυκτά (20-34%) και χαλαζίας (12-20%). Στο αργιλικό κλάσμα (<2 μιη) κατά σειρά αφθονίας επικρατούν, σε αμιγείς και ενδοστρωματωμένες φάσεις, τα αργιλικά ορυκτά: ιλλίτης, σμεκτίτης και βερμικουλίτης. Ο χλωρίτης και ο καολινίτης απουσιάζουν. Σύμφωνα με το Ενοποιημένο Σύστημα Κατάταξης Εδαφών κατά ASTM, τα εξεταζόμενα εδάφη ανήκουν κυρί ως στις ομάδες ΜΗ και CH (ανόργανες ιλΰες και ανόργανες άργιλοι αντίστοιχα, με μεγάλη πλαστικότητα και όριο υδαρότητας >50%), καθώς και στην ομάδα CL (ανόργανες άργιλοι με χαμηλή πλαστικότητα και όριο υδαρότητας <50%). Ο βαθμός συνεκτικότητας και αποσκλήρυνσης, καθώς και ο βαθμός συμπαγοποίησης αυ τών των εδαφών είναι μέτριος. Περιέχουν σε σημαντικές ποσότητες αμιγή ή ενδοστρωματωμένο σμεκτίτη και παρουσιάζουν κυρίως υψηλό ως πολΰ υψηλό δυναμικό διόγκωσης και ενεργότητα μεταξύ 0,5 και 2,0. Συμπε ραίνεται ότι πρέπει να παίρνονται ειδικά προστατευτικά μέτρα, όταν είναι αναπόφευκτη η θεμελίωση διά φορων έργων πάνω σε αυτά τα μαργαϊκά εδάφη, γιατί διογκώνονται και συρρικνώνονται εκτεταμένα. ABSTRACTThe mainly white-yellow marly soils studied present medium degree of consolidation and induration. The predominant grain size of the non -carbonate constituents is that of silt varying from 34 to 64%. According to the textural classification of soils of the SSDS the samples are mainly silty-clay loams with moisture capacity 30-40%. In the untreated samples in decreasing abundance the following minerals predominate: calcite (31-59%), clay minerals (20-34%) and quartz (12-20%). In the clay fraction (<2μπι) in decreasing abundance the following clay minerals (in discrete and interstratified phases) predominate: illite, smectite and vermiculite. Chlorite and kaolinite are missing. Mineralogically the marly soils are immature, because of the extended presence of Fe-Mg minerals (i.e. amphiboles, pyroxenes and clay minerals). According to the Unified Soil Classification System of the ASTM the studied marly soils mainly belong to the groups MH and CH (inorganic silts and inorganic clays respectively with high plasticity and liquid limit >50%), as well as to the group CL (inorganic clays with low plasticity and liquid limit <50%). The degree of consolidation and induration, as well as of compaction of these soils is medium. They contain significant amounts of discrete or interstratified smectite and mainly present high to very high swelling potential and activity between 0.5 and 2.0. It is concluded that specific precautions must be taken into account, when it is unavoidable the foundation of various constructions on these marly soils, because they swell and shrink extensively.ΛΕΞΕΙΣ ΚΛΕΙΔΙΑ: μαργαϊκά εδάφη, ορυκτολογική σύσταση, φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά, Ηράκλειο, Κρήτη.
ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗΤα ανθρακικά πετρώματα της Θάσου είναι ολοκρυσταλλικά και παρουσιάζουν σπαριτικό ιστό. Οι δολομί τες έχουν μικρότερο μέγεθος κρυστάλλων (0,7-1,6 mm) από τα ασβεστιτικά μάρμαρα (0,8-2,2 mm). Στους δολομίτες εκτός του ομώνυμου ορυκτού, βρίσκονται ασβεστίτης (1-10%) και ίχνη χαλαζία, αστρίων και μαρμα ρυγιών. Στα ασβεστιτικά μάρμαρα εκτός του ασβεστίτη βρίσκονται δολομίτης (2-28%), χαλαζίας (1-28%), μαρ μαρυγίες (1-6%) και κατά περίπτωση, άστριοι, αργιλικά ορυκτά και γκαιτίτης. Οι δολομίτες παρουσιάζονται καθαρότεροι όλων των μαρμάρων του νησιού με κυριώτερη ξένη πρόσμιξη το Si0 2 (<0,88%). Εκτός των δια κοσμητικών εφαρμογών τα ασβεστιτικά μάρμαρα της Θάσου είναι κατάλληλα κυρίως για την παραγωγή αδρα νών υλικών οποιουδήποτε μεγέθους κόκκων, τσιμέντου και πιθανώς φιαλών, για περιβαλλοντικές χρήσεις και ως βελτιωτικά εδαφών. Τα δολομιτικά μάρμαρα είναι κατάλληλα για την παραγωγή λιπασμάτων και πιθανώς φιαλών, καθώς και ως πληρωτικά ή λευκαντικά υλικά στις βιομηχανίες χάρτου, χρωμάτων και ελαστικών. ABSTRACTThe carbonate rocks of Thassos Island are holocrystalline and present sparitic texture. The dolomites have smaller crystall size (0.7-1.6 mm) than the calcitic marbles (0.8-2.2 mm). In the dolomites except the synony mous mineral, calcite (1-10%) and traces of quartz, feldspars and micas are present. In the calcitic marbles except of the calcite, dolomite (2-28%), micas (1-6%) and occasionally feldspars, clay minerals and goethite occur. The results of chemical analysis agree with the mineralogical ones, as well as with the percentage of the isnoluble residue. The dolomites appear purer than all other marbles of the island. They most often contain Si0 2 (up to 0.88%). Beyond the decorative applications the calcitic marbles of Thassos are mainly suitable for the production of aggregates with any size requirement, cement and probably container glasses, for environmental uses and as soil conditioners. Respectively, the dolomitic marbles are suitable for the production of fertilizers and probably of container glasses and as fillers or whitenings in paper, paint and rubber industries.ΛΕΞΕΙΣ ΚΛΕΙΔΙΑ: ανθρακικά πετρώματα, βιομηχανικές χρήσεις, Θάσος.
In this paper the suitability of Kozani's broader area carbonate formations for certain applications is studied based on their mineralogical, chemical and technological characteristics. The studied formations geotectoniccally belong to the Pelagonian zone and are represented mainly by pure limestones with few occurences of dolomites and dolomitic limestones. The studied samples represent: a) the Vermion section (formations Be and Bd), b) the Kozani section (formations Be and Bd), c) the Siatista section (formations S1 and S2) and d) the Vouhnos section (formations Bo1, Bo2 and Bo3). The insoluble residue, the organic matter, the whiteness and the mineralogical and chemical composition are studied in order to investigate the suitability of the studied carbonates for specific industrial applications. The results showed that the dolomitic formation of Vermion (Bd) is suitable for the manufacture of flat glass, while the limestone formations of Siatista (S2) and Vourinos (Bo1) as well as the dolomitic formation of Vermion (Bd) are suitable for the manufacture of container glass. The limestone formations of Siatista (S1, S2) and the dolomitic formations of Vermion (Bd) and Kozani (Kd) can be used as fluxes in the metallurgical blast furnace to produce a slag with the acid components of the ore, while the limestone formations of Siatista (S1, S2), Kozani (Kc) and Vourinos (Bo1, Bo2, Bo3) as well as the dolomitic formations of Vermion (Bd) and Kozani (Kd) are suitable for the sinter blasts. Finally, only the S2 limestone formation of Siatista can be used in the desulphurising of flue gas, as it fulfills the chemical specifications and the restrictions in whiteness.
According to the microscopic examination of thin sections, the examined carbonate rocks are classified in two categories: a. Typical marbles and b. Recrystallised limestones. Category b is distinguished in two sub-categories: Micrites (b1) and sparites (b2). Calcite is the predominant mineral in almost all samples, whereas only in one sample there is a considerable quantity of dolomite. From the unessential minerals quartz, plagioclastes, talc, muscovite and chlorite were identified in traces. It's concluded that nine samples are very pure carbonate rocks and consist of >96% CaC03. The sum of the admixtures, that is all the oxides except for CaO and CO2, ranges from 1,6 to 8,7%, from which the most important is the S1O2 (0,5-6,7%), mainly in the form of quartz and the MgO (0,3-3,6%). The increased participation of Ni2+, Co2+, Rb+ and Zn2 + in relation to the worldwide average, could be attributed to the presence of foreign admixtures which occur in the examined carbonate rocks. The limited participation of Sr2* could be attributed to the absence of feldspars from these carbonate rocks. The mean value of the insoluble residue is 3,1%. The mean value of the included organic matter is 0,3%. Testing the degree of the whiteness it comes out that only one sample is almost absolutely white. Two samples are in the spectrum of the orange color, whereas the hues of six samples are in the spectrum of orange-yellow color. According to the chemical composition of the samples it is concluded that:• The samples from all the formations can be used for aggregates, because with the suitable breaking they can reach the requisite size for every use.• The samples from all the formations can be suitable feedstock for soil conditioners, after suitable grinding, in order to take grain sizes <5 mm, because their content in MgO is < 5%.• The samples from all the formations are considered to be ideal as feedstock in the cement industry, as long as the concentration of fluorine in them is < 0,1%.• The examined formations can be partly used into other industrial sections. However, supplementary specialized tests are needed.
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