We propose a method for DDoS detection by constructing a fuzzy estimator on the mean packet inter arrival times. We divided the problem into two challenges, the first being the actual detection of the DDoS event taking place and the second being the identification of the offending IP addresses. We have imposed strict real time constraints for the first challenge and more relaxed constraints for the identification of addresses. Through empirical evaluation we confirmed that the detection can be completed within improved real time limits and that by using fuzzy estimators instead of crisp statistical descriptors we can avoid the shortcomings posed by assumptions on the model distribution of the traffic. In addition we managed to obtain results under a 3 sec detection window.
E-learning is technology-based learning, such as computer-based learning, web-based learning, virtual classroom, and digital collaboration. The usage of web applications can be measured with the use of indexes and metrics. However, in e-Learning platforms there are no appropriate indexes and metrics that would facilitate their qualitative and quantitative measurement. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of data mining techniques, such as clustering, classification, and association, in order to analyze the log file of an eLearning platform and deduce useful conclusions. Two metrics for course usage measurement and one algorithm for course classification are used. A case study based on a previous approach was applied to e-Learning data from a Greek University. The results confirmed the validity of the approach and showed a strong relationship between the course usage and the corresponding students' grades in the exams.From a pedagogical point of view this method contributes to improvements in course content and course usability and the adaptation of courses in accordance with student capabilities. Improvement in course quality gives students the opportunity of asynchronous study of courses with actualized and optimal educational material and, therefore, higher performance in exams.It should be mentioned that even though the scope of the method is on e-Learning platforms and educational content, it can be easily adopted to other web applications such as e-government, ecommerce, e-banking, blogs, etc.
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