The need has arisen to implement a circular economic model that enables economic growth and prosperity in accordance with environmental protection and sustainable development because of the current unsustainable linear means of production in the economy. The aim of this paper is to determine the application of the circular economy concept in member countries of the European Union from 2008 to 2016. The purpose is to analyse whether economic development measured by GDP (gross domestic product) affects the analysed circular economy variables. Based on the hypotheses set, an econometric model was formed where GDP was identified as an independent variable, while the dependent variables were the production of municipal waste per capita, the recycling rate of municipal waste, the recycling rate of packaging waste by type of packaging, the recycling of bio-waste, and the recycling rate of e-waste. The first part of the statistical analysis conducted using the Stata software package shows the Pearson correlation between the abovestated variables, while the second part explores the univariate regression model. The results point towards the conclusion that the application of the circular economy concept can ensure economic growth and GDP growth while reducing the use of natural resources and ensuring greater environmental protection.
Following the global economic crisis of 2008, the concept of green economy has become a significant field of interest for scientific research as well as for specific development policies in various countries around the world. More recently, the transition towards green economy has been considered a desirable model and alternative approach to development encompassing all elements of sustainable development—economic, ecological and social. By adopting the 2019 European Green Deal, the European Union has explicitly opted for a new pattern of development that involves all European countries transitioning their economies, i.e., achieving economic growth while significantly reducing their negative environmental impact. The aim of this paper was to assess the possible effects of Croatian economy transitioning in accordance with the European Green Deal strategic framework and resources planned for Croatia in the following EU budgeting period (2021–2027). Based on the regression analysis results and two developed investment scenarios for the green transition, the authors have shown the potential positive effects of such a process on the gross domestic product and on total employment. These results were further supported by arguments based on examples for specific sectors and economic activities. The authors conclude that transitioning towards green economy, i.e., implementing specific green economy policies can serve to push sustainable development in the EU while simultaneously contributing to the implementation of the strategic goals of the European Green Deal.
Energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, and environmental protection projects play a pivotal role in tourism. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) addresses resource management and energy use as one of the major issues. The main goal of the paper is to present the economic-financial analysis and the assessment of investment projects in the construction of a conventional mid-size hotel using fossil fuels and a mid-size hotel based on sustainable principles and renewable energy sources. Comparative analysis of conventional and energyefficient hotels is used to calculate the key financial indicators in decisionmaking. Case study shows that the introduction of renewable energy sources meets the needs of modern guests and increases the hotel's competitiveness, while the effects of energy sustainability reflect on the environment and reduced CO 2 emissions. Based on the results, the paper suggests measures for improving 2017 : pp. 83-104 energy sustainability in hotels and other tourism facilities. The paper is intended for those who deal with theoretical and practical issues of energy sustainability in tourism, tourism certificates, renewable energy sources and investment costs-scientists, researchers, PhD candidates and students as a basis for further comparative studies and benchmarking. It can also be useful for a considerably wider circle of users-managers at all levels and other business decision makers, as well as proprietors, investors, and creditors. Marinela Krstinić NižićMarinela Krstinić Nižić, Zvonimira Šverko Grdić and Renata Endres Energy Sustainability and Its Impacts on Croatian Tourism Croatian Economic Survey : Vol. 19 : No. 2 : December
Klimatske promjene predstavljaju jedinstveni izazov cjelokupnoj ljudskoj civilizaciji i utječu na sve aspekte ljudskog života, pa tako i na turizam. Zemlja je u ovom trenutku toplija za 0.7 °C u odnosu na 1900. godinu, a ako se sve emisije stopiraju danas, Zemlja će se u idućem desetljeću zagrijati za daljnjih 0.5 – 1 ºC. Posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća sve se više pažnje pridaje promjenama vezanim uz klimu. Istraživanja pokazuju da najveći utjecaj na te promjene ima ispuštanje ugljikova dioksida u atmosferu, koji zbog svojih svojstava pojačava učinak staklenika na Zemlji. Turistička industrija, kao jedna od gospodarskih aktivnosti, zauzima velik udio u cjelokupnim emisijama CO2 koje nastaju ljudskom aktivnošću, a najveći utjecaj na to imaju promet, smještaj i ostale aktivnosti. Isto kao što turizam ima utjecaj na klimatske promjene, tako i klimatske promjene imaju utjecaj na turizam. U radu je korištena regresijska analiza s ciljem utvrđivanja učinka nezavisne varijable (temperatura zraka) na zavisnu varijablu (noćenja gostiju). Osnovni cilj istraživanja je ispitati utjecaj temperature na broj noćenja u odabranim gradovima Republike Hrvatske te utvrditi hoće li se buduće planirano povećanje temperature negativno odraziti na turistička ostvarenja u promatranim područjima. Na temelju provedene analize može se zaključiti kako klimatske promjene, iskazane pomoću temperature zraka, zaista utječu na turizam, i to pozitivno. No, potrebno je naglasiti da postoji ograničenje u smislu optimalne temperature, odnosno, kada ona prijeđe tu granicu, broj turista će se (ako se ne poduzmu određene mjere prilagodbe turističkog sektora) početi smanjivati.
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