Identifying CSF biomarkers in ALS is important in order to establish the diagnosis in the early stages of the disease. pNF-H seems to be a good biomarker for the diagnosis of ALS. If confirmed on a larger group of patients, CgA may also become useful in the diagnosis of sporadic ALS.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic methods for these symptoms. We also briefly summarize neuroimaging, polyneuropathy, peripheral markers, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that may be used in the early diagnosis of PD.

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IntroductionPositron emission tomography (PET) detects indirect signs of higher or Loir neuronal activity and we suppose relation between the activity and the brain fiction. Though the anxiety disorders have many common characteristics, but there are also some differences. In our work we compare silent regional brain requirements in some anxiety disorders.MethodPatients suffering from anxiety disorders were studied with 18FGD PET during rating state before systematic treatment. We studied 25 patients with agoraphobia, 21 with panic disorder, 40 with OCD and eleven with PTSD. Data were analyzed using SPM 99.ResultsThere was higher uptake of FDG in patients suffering with OCD compared with PD and AP patients in left side basal ganglia. There was also higher uptake of FDG in patients with PD and AP compared with OCD in right frontal areas. The patients with OCD developer higher uptake compared with PTSD in middle temporal gyrus bilaterally. PTSD patients showed higher uptake of FDG in comparison of OCD in right anterior cingulate. There was higher uptake of FDG in PD an AP patients in comparison with PTSD patients in right inferior temporal gyrus.ConclusionThere were differences in regional brain activities in FDG between various types of anxiety disorders.Supported by IGAMZ CR NT 11047-4/2010.

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BackgroundThe pathophysiology of abnormal temperature sensation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. Abnormal thermal detection does not seem to depend on the dopaminergic deficit, suggesting that other systems play a role in these changes, probably both central and peripheral.MethodsWe measured thermal detection thresholds (TDT) using quantitative sensory testing (QST) in 28 patients with PD and compared them with 15 healthy controls.ResultsOf 28 patients, 21 % had increased TDT according to the normative data. TDT were higher on the dominant side. No correlation between TDT and disease duration, severity of motor impairment, and dopaminergic therapy was observed. 50 % of the patients had difficulty differentiating between warm and cold stimuli, as TDT were within the normal range in most of these patients.ConclusionsThese results suggest that abnormal thermal detection may be present from early stages of the disease and is more pronounced on the dominant side. Abnormal differentiation between the thermal stimuli suggest impaired central processing of thermal information.

IntroductionIn patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) primarily psychotherapeutic care is indicated. Pharmacotherapy is considered as adjuvant and often controversial way of treatment.ObjectivesDemonstration of pharmacological approach to BPD patients in Olomouc Czech Republic and compare with treatment guidelines. treatment guidelines.AimsThe aim of our study was to compare treatment of BPD patients in 2007 and 2011MethodThe paper examines the state in 2007 and 2011 in BPD patients at the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital. Our study included outpatients and inpatients treated in all departments. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis BPD. Medication was assessed according to the documentation at discharge or during outpatient care according to the transcript record.ResultsIn most cases are BPD patients treated according to current guidelines. The treatment consists of SSRI antidepressants, anticonvulsants and second-generation of antipsychotics. Problem can be considered in some cases with medication dosage, combination, administration of benzodiazepine anxiolytics, hypnotics.ConclusionBPD patients are treated according to current recommendations. Inpatients are more medicated than outpatients. The reason is probably in relation with the severity of the symptoms. Medication did not differ from the majority of best practices. But with a lack of strong evidence about its effect, it seems appropriate to move towards its reduction. Supported by the project IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010