Improved cytosine and adenine base editors and an efficient dual editor were applied in targeted evolution of ACETYL COA CARBOXYLASE in rice, resulting in the generation of dozens of herbicide‐resistant mutations, at least three of which, W2125L, W2125Q and C2186H, have not been reported previously.
Bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) is usually used as one of effective solutions to control weeds and reduce environmental pollution in agricultural ecosystems. A novel BIO for weed control and nutrient supply was manufactured and field trials at three rice fields were conducted for two years to evaluate its effect. The novel BIO was found to be effective in controlling grass and broad-leaved weeds in rice fields, with an average rate of more than 80% weed suppression. In addition, the BIO treatments significantly increased rice yield (16.3-29.8% relative to control) and yield components (e.g., number of spikes per square meter, plant height, number of kernels per spike). Results from these field experiments have implications for farmers and government agencies in regard for accept ability of bio-organic fertilizer for biological weed control in rice cultivation.
The strain B-4, isolated from a field in Changsha (China), presents strong antifungal activities, as identified by the Kirby-Bauer test, especially for pathogens that harm crops. Here, we obtained the complete genome sequence of the strain B-4 by Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing, making it well analyzed for understanding mechanisms and creating biological agents. Its 3,919-kb circular chromosome genome has 3,725 protein-coding genes [coding sequences (CDSs)] and 46.7% guanine-cytosine content. A comparative genome analysis of B-4 with other published strains (including Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus subtilis) revealed that the strain B-4 is a B. velezensis strain. These different strains have 2,889 CDSs in common, whereas 179 CDSs were found to be unique in the strain B-4, which is a far greater number than that in other strains. Regarding the antifungal activities of B-4, we were specifically concerned with the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In total, more than 19.56% of the genome was annotated to 12 gene clusters relating to synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites, which contained various enzyme-encoding operons for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases, and lantipeptide synthesis proteins. They were all considered to be related to the production of bacteriostatic substances or stimulation of induced systemic resistance by bacterial metabolites. These situations also present an advantage over those of other strains for biocontrol potential. We provide evidence that the biological control effect of the strain B-4, as demonstrated in antibacterial activity experiments and predicted from the complete genome sequence analysis, provides the basis for research promoting agricultural research on sustainable development, especially the contribution of biotechnology to agriculture.
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