Nowadays, when entrepreneurs wish to expand their businesses in either domestic or international markets, they will adopt for franchising. Franchising has become extremely popular in many countries across the world, including Malaysia. It is a business platform that distributes the products and services based on a contract made by a two-party relationship. Even though franchising has been recognized as a rapid platform for business growth, franchisees’ perspective about franchising relationships is an area less explored and less understood. Thus, this study addresses the important aspects in franchising relationship by using the concepts from Agency Theory, Plural Organization Theory and Resource Based View Theory. For the methodological aspect, textual analysis was undertaken across the case of food and beverages industries and education and learning center industries to explore the matter further. The analysis was divided into four themes namely: (i) proven business format; (ii) brand equity of franchising; (iii) franchising cost; and (iv) training and support, to attempt to explain the elements of franchising relationship. The adopted deductive approach has provided rich information that will lead future research by using other methods.
In the past decade, franchising has become a well-known platform for business expansion. Various strategies have been employed by franchisors in expanding their business into the global market. However, few studies have assessed the determinants that can be adopted by the franchisors in bringing value as well as opening up opportunities for global market expansion. This study aims to explore the determinants of global expansion based on Malaysian franchisors’ experience. A qualitative research approach was adopted through various case studies with ten franchisors from the food and beverage industry in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were carried out to explore this topic. Thematic analysis was performed through the “Atlas.ti” software package version 9.0, which was also used in analyzing the data. The findings indicated that there are four themes, and nine sub-themes were discovered from the grounded data. The franchisors agreed that franchise brand, business location, product, advertising, and promotion were able to influence franchisors in designing strategies for global expansion. The data were also able to provide an in-depth understanding of the determinants for global expansion that can be undertaken as a guide to prospective franchisors who want to start exploring the global market. These results are expected to assist the government as well as the agencies involved with franchising in improving related policies, strategies and programmes. Thus, it is important to understand these determinants in order to survive in a competitive global market.
Purpose: In many developing and affluent countries, poverty alleviation has been the prime goal of promoting socioeconomic status. The Government's attempt to curb poverty includes promoting monetary-generation projects, providing facilities to raise the standard of living, and executing the programs to teach positive values for these underprivileged. The research seeks to uncover decisive aspects of socioeconomic improvement of poverty alleviation in women entrepreneurship Methodology: Data of 300 women entrepreneurs from three different states in Malaysia participated in the study. We have analyzed the research data through PLS-SEM to examine the formulated hypotheses. Findings: It indicates microfinance was the strongest predictor of poverty alleviation in Malaysia. Entrepreneurial and personality factors are next on the list. Conversely, the environment and culture had little impact on impoverishment Research Implications: The importance acceptance of the microfinance program is the primary catalyst in creating new employment. It also provides a source of earning to improve the underprivilege’s social and economic well-being and eradicate poverty.
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