The carbon emission level and spatiotemporal characteristics in Hubei Province were estimated and studied using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) carbon emission coefficient technique based on county data from Hubei Province from 2000 to 2020. The relationship between carbon emissions from cultivated land utilization and agricultural economic growth was examined using the Tapio decoupling index, and the factors influencing carbon emissions in Hubei Province were further examined using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI model). The results demonstrate that: (1) Spatiotemporal variations in carbon emissions are evident. In terms of time, the volume of carbon emissions in Hubei Province is still substantial, and the transition to low-carbon land use is quite gradual. Geographically, the high-value region of the middle east coexists with the low-value zone of the west, with apparent regional contrasts. (2) The decoupling between carbon emissions and agricultural economic growth is becoming more and more obvious in Hubei Province. The number of counties and cities in a negative decoupling state has significantly decreased, and the majority of counties are now in a strong decoupling condition. (3) Agricultural production efficiency is the most significant driving factor for restricting carbon emission, according to the decomposition results of carbon emission driving factors based on the LMDI model. In addition, the results of sample decomposition based on topographic characteristics indicate that agricultural production efficiency is primarily responsible for the suppression of carbon emissions in flat regions. The increase in carbon emissions in hilly regions is primarily influenced by agricultural productivity. The increase in carbon emissions in mountainous regions is mostly influenced by agricultural labor intensity. This study′s finding has enlightening implications for the high-quality growth of agriculture.
The rapid conversion of cultivated land resources has posed a severe danger to national food security, where the primary concerns are the quantity as well as the quality of the land being cultivated. Cultivated land use efficiency (CLUE) reflects the rational allocation and utilization level of cultivated land, labor, capital, and other factors so as to maximize output and minimize cost. In this study, carbon emissions were included as an unexpected output into the measurement framework of CLUE. The super SBM undesirable model, Spatial analysis model, and Tobit model were comprehensively used to measure the difference pattern and influencing factors of CLUE in 72 counties of Hubei Province from 2005 to 2020. The results show the following: the CLUE in Hubei Province showed significant regional differences and temporal variation characteristics. During the observation period of 2005 to 2020, the overall CLUE in Hubei Province increased, reaching 0.7475 by 2020, but was still at a low level (less than 1). Due to the limitation of topographic factors, this does not show obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics on the whole. In general, the CLUE value formed after considering the carbon emission index in most counties decreased by different ranges compared to the value formed without considering the carbon emission index. From the perspective of transverse terrain comparison, the measured results of the super SBM undesirable model showed that the cultivated land utilization efficiency of the mountain and hill was higher than that of the plain. From the vertical time comparison, the CLUE of different regions showed an upward trend, indicating obvious regional differences in the study period. The results of the Tobit model show that farmers’ income level can actively promote the improvement of CLUE in Hubei Province. Urbanization level, rural power consumption, per capita cultivated land scale, and agricultural mechanization level have an impact on cultivated land use efficiency as a whole, but the impact has topographic heterogeneity. This study can provide theoretical and technical reference for the improvement of regional cultivated land efficiency and the formulation of cultivated land protection strategies and policies.
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