Postoperative intestinal adhesions are common and serious complications after surgery that can cause pain and potential mortality. Our previous study confirmed that silkworm pupae carboxymethyl chitosan (SP-carboxymethyl chitosan) reduced postoperative adhesion in vivo. Here, we elucidated the inhibitory effects of SP-carboxymethyl chitosan on mouse L929 fibroblasts. Cells were exposed to SP-carboxymethyl chitosan for 72 h, then the inhibitory effects were assessed via transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1 )/Smads, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) signaling. The results showed that SP-carboxymethyl chitosan suppressed cell hyperplasia and significantly attenuated the gene and protein expressions of the TGF-β 1 /Smads signaling pathways. We also confirmed that t-PA/PAI-1 greatly increased for all SP-carboxymethyl chitosan-treated groups compared to the control. These findings suggest that SP-carboxymethyl chitosan may affect L929 cell proliferation through the TGF-β 1 /Smads signaling pathway to prevent adhesion after an operation.
In this study, a carboxymethyl chitosan derived from silkworm pupa (SP-carboxymethyl chitosan) was prepared. The physical characteristics of the SP chitin, chitosan, and carboxymethyl chitosan were analyzed. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the surfaces of the samples from SP were more uneven, with more surface fractures compared with those of the reference substance (RS). Thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the main molecular chain structures of SP samples and RSs had no substantial differences. However, the crystallinity and thermal decomposition temperature of the SP samples were lower compared with those of the RSs. All of these results provide a theoretical basis for the development of applications for the SP-carboxymethyl chitosan.
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