Introduction: Liver is an important organ in the body. Due to its role in metabolism of drugs it is also a major site of drug induced liver injury. Oxidative stress plays an important role in DILI therefore use of nti-oxidants has been proposed to combat liver injury . Objective of the Study: To measure and compare Hepatoprotective effects of Zinc complex of Betulinic acid and Silymarin due to their antioxidant effects on Pyrazinamide induced Hepatotoxicity in mice. Methodology: It was an experimental randomized control trial. The research was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Multidisciplinary research laboratory at IIMCT with mutual collaboration of National Institute of Health (NIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan. Research was started after the official approval of synopsis by accredited Ethical Review Committee. Study duration was one year from 1 September 2020 to 31 august 2021. 24 adult Balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was Negative Control (NC) and did not receive any intervention. Oral pyrazinamide (500mg/kg) was administered for 28 days to the group 2 (disease control) alone and to group 3 and 4 in combination with Silymarin (100mg/kg) and Zinc complex of Betulinic Acid(1mg/kg) respectively. Mice were dissected after completion of experiment and liver samples were taken for Histopathological analysis. Hepatoprotective function of Silymarin and zinc complex of Betulinic acid was evaluated in group 3 and 4 by Histopathological changes. Results: Significant (p<0.05) changes were seen in parameters (necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular congestion) among groups. Conclusion: This study proves protective effects of zinc complex of Betulinic acid and Silymarin on pyrazinamide induced hepatotoxicity. Key Words: Hepatotoxicity, Betulinic Acid, Silymarin, Pyrazinamide, Zinc, Tuberculosis
Background: Heavy metals are the natural constituents of the earth's crust but the indiscriminate human activities have drastically effected their biochemical balance and geochemical cycles. Heavy metals and their compounds have pharmacological importance. These are being used in south Asian countries as component of different medicines. These medicines may have serious side effects on liver. Objectives: To see the histological changes of Kushta which contains mercury, on liver of wister rats. Material and Methods: It was an animal experimental study in which a total of 42 Wistar rats were included and divided into five exposed and one control groups. Morphological changes were observed in liver of rats by using indigenous as well as patent mercury preparations. Results: Morphological changes in liver of exposed rats included hepatocyte swelling, hepatocyte necrosis, hepatocyte apoptosis, disarray of hepatic architecture, development of portal tract inflammation, central vein congestion, sinusoidal congestion and dilatation, development of fatty change and damage to hepatic vascular and liver capsule were seen at the end of 8 weeks. Conclusions: Indigenous herbo-mineral preparation (Kushta) of mercury produces deleterious morphological effects on liver of wister rats. Keywords: Mercury Kushta, Liver, Histopathology
Objectives: To see the histological changes of Kushta which contains mercury, on kidneys of wister rats Material and Methods: A total of 42 Wistar rats were used in this animal experiment, which was separated into five exposure groups and one control group. The kidneys of rats were morphologically altered by the use of both indigenous and prescription mercury preparations. Results: Morphological changes in kidneys of exposed rats included multi-focal and diffuse glomerulonephritis, mesangial widening, increase in glomerular cellularity, thickening of capillary walls and glomerular basement membrane, tubular necrosis, tubular dilatation, tubular vacuolisation, proteineous casts in tubules and mononuclear interstitial inflammation were seen at the end of 8 weeks. Conclusions: In wister rats, an indigenous mercury herbo-mineral preparation (Kushta) causes harmful morphological changes in the liver. Keywords: Mercury Kushta, Kidneys, Histopathology
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