ObjectiveThe study aimed to examine the role of trust mediation and leader-member exchange in the influence of servant leadership on job satisfaction.BackgroundResearch on the relationship between servant leadership and academic job satisfaction is rare. The study of servant leadership in Christian higher education is dominated by non-research (conceptual), literature review, and church ministry, instrument development, verification, and validation, quantitative (pre- and post-test), quantitative (descriptive), and qualitative studies. Thus, there have been no studies that test and measure complex variables simultaneously in one model that includes servant leadership, trust (job-related outcomes + mediator), leader-member exchange (behavioral outcome), and job satisfaction (well-being + outcome) in the context of Christian higher education in Indonesia. Servant leadership still needs to be done in work-related outcomes such as trust variables. Research on academic job satisfaction in non-European and non-Western contexts is still dominant in Palestine. Finally, the placement of trust as a mediation variable needs to be more consistent because trust also has a role as a predictor of servant leadership.MethodThis study used quantitative methods with a sample of 160 lecturers from 26 Christian higher education in Indonesia. This study used the partial least square (PLS-SEM) approach to verify the proposed hypothesis.ResultsThe results showed that servant leadership has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction and trust, and LMX mediate the influence of servant leadership on job satisfaction. Finally, trust and LMX are complementary mediation effects of servant leadership on job satisfaction.ConclusionServant leadership increases trust, LMX and job satisfaction. Trust and LMX increase job satisfaction. Trust and LMX have a mediating role in the effect of servant leadership on job satisfaction.ImplicationsRectors/chairmen who engage in high-level interactions with lecturers will influence trust, reduce losses, and maximize gains in their interactional relationships. In addition, based on the theory of leader-member exchange, high-quality, trustworthy, and satisfactory leader-member exchange relationships positively affect the personal growth, work attitudes, and performance of lecturers. The Private Higher Education Organizing Body (BPPTS) needs to prepare for leadership regeneration by preparing future service leaders through training that directly supports the improvement of servant leadership behavior. This is important because servant leadership behavior becomes essential to increase trust, LMX and lecturer job satisfaction and achieve Christian higher education goals. Finally, Power distances, short-term orientation cultures, and paternalistic are not found to be obstacles to servant leadership practices in Indonesian Christian higher education.
The research aimed to test servant leadership role in improving life satisfaction through career satisfaction. The method used was quantitative with structural equation modeling. The results showed that servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on career and life satisfaction, career satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on life satisfaction, and career satisfaction was a complementary mediator between servant leadership and teacher life satisfaction.
The study aimed to determine the authoritative parenting; gender; gender and the influence of authoritative parenting significantly toward big five personality. This quantitative research with descriptive analysis techniques of Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) test involved 62 students of eleventh grade of Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 2 Kupang as a respondent. Data collection technique used the scale instrument of Parental Authority Questionnaire and the International Personality Item Pool. The results showed that: (1) there was no significant influence of parental authority on the subjects's big five personality, except extraversion; (2) there was no significant effect of gender on subjects's big five personality; and (3) there was no significant effect of gender interaction and authoritative parenting on subject's the big five personality.
This research aimed to know mindfulness significantly influenced spiritual well-being, to know the spiritual well-being significantly influenced life satisfaction, to know mindfulness significantly influenced life satisfaction, and to know the Spiritual well being mediated the influence of mindfulness toward life satisfaction. The subject in the research included 152 students of STAKN Kupang with 49 male students (32%) and 103 female students (68%), and were taken from four semesters with 50 first semesters student (33%), 34 third semester students (22%), 38 fifth semester students (25%), and 30 seventh semester students (20%). A quantitative research method was used with techniques such as regression analysis, path analysis, Sobel test and bootstrapping. The findings show that: (1) mindfulness significantly influenced the spiritual well-being; (2) spiritual well-being significantly influenced life satisfaction; (3) mindfulness did not influence life satisfaction; and (4) spiritual well-being mediated the influence of mindfulness toward life satisfaction.
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