ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan produsen jagung terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Produksi jagung Indonesia mencapai 18,5 juta ton pada tahun 2013, disusul Filipina pada urutan kedua dengan total produksi 7,4 juta ton. Komoditas jagung di Provinsi Lampung memiliki keunggulan komparatif (0,33) lebih tinggi dibanding di Jawa Timur (0,44), Kalimantan Selatan (0,62), Sulawesi Utara (0,65), dan Gorontalo (0,86). Sementara itu, keunggulan kompetitif Provinsi Jawa Timur lebih tinggi (0,45) dibanding Lampung (0,63), Kalimantan Selatan (0,56), Sulawesi Utara (0,97), dan Gorontalo (1,34). Dalam menyambut era perdagangan bebas ASEAN, Indonesia telah melahirkan regulasi penting, yaitu UU No 7 Tahun 2014 tentang perdagangan sebagai salah satu strategi untuk membendung membanjirnya produk impor masuk ke Indonesia. UU ini antara lain mengatur ketentuan umum tentang perizinan bagi pelaku usaha dalam kegiatan perdagangan agar menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dalam pelabelan dan peningkatan penggunaan produk dalam negeri. Kebijakan yang perlu ditempuh pemerintah baik di pusat maupun daerah adalah membuka seluas-luasnya iklim investasi industri jagung di Indonesia, sehingga diharapkan meningkatkan daya saing jagung Indonesia dalam menghadapi MEA. Di lain pihak, kebijakan proteksi komoditas dan produk industri jagung dalam negeri perlu dilaksanakan secara hati-hati sesuai aturan atau persyaratan WTO agar Indonesia terhindar dari klaim negara-negara pesaing. PENDAHULUAN Pemerintah Indonesia senantiasa berupaya meningkatkan produktivitas sektor pertanian dengan mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang terbatas seperti lahan, tenaga kerja, dan input lainnya. Hal ini dilakukan dengan harapan dapat memproduksi bahan pangan yang lebih banyak serta meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga tani.Tantangan yang dihadapi pertanian Indonesia saat ini adalah semakin terbukanya pasar komoditas sebagai konsekuensi dari era pasar bebas dunia. Untuk mengantisipasi era pasar bebas, komoditas pertanian Indonesia harus memiliki daya saing, baik secara komparatif maupun kompetitif dengan komoditas pesaing dari negara lain khususnya ASEAN. ASEAN Economic Community atau Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) bukan hanya merupakan pasar tunggal, melainkan juga kombinasi antara pasar tunggal dan basis produksi, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perekonomian di kawasan ASEAN dan kompetisi kawasan dalam persaingan global (Koesrianti 2013). Dalam kaitan ini, peningkatan daya saing produk mutlak dilakukan oleh setiap negara ASEAN agar produk barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan dapat bersaing di pasar dunia.
The aims of this research are 1) to analyze the policy impact of input and output subsidies to paddyrice competitiveness, and 2) to analyze the comparative and competitive advantages of paddy farming in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. The research conducted at Gorontalo Province. The method use Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to measure the competitiveness parameters such a Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR) as a ratio for comparative advantages and Private Cost Ratio (PCR) as a ratio for competitive advantages. Meanwhile, PAM also measure the protection coefficients, such a Nominal Protection Coefficient on Output and Input (NPCO and NPCI), Effective Protection Coefficient (EPC). In additional, Producer Subsidy Equivalent (PSE) was used to measure a relative incentive for producers (farmers). Consumer Subsidy Equivalent (CSE) was used to measure a relative incentive for consumer. The results showed that NPCO and NPCI are 1.35 (there's government protection for output/ rice) and 0.42 (there's protection for inputs or subsidies for tradable inputs), respectively. The result of the EPC is 1.51. EPC> 1 indicates that government protection works effectively to rice commodity. Based on PAM analysis, PCR and DRCR values in this study were 1.14 and 1.52, respectively. PSE obtained value of 0.33 which indicate that producers (farmers) are not receiving direct or indirect incentives from government subsidy policies. CSE obtained results -0.27 at the level of actual prices and -0.37 at the border price. It indicates that consumers lost a surplus of 27% of the domestic rice price on average, or 37% of the border price.
The increase of soybeans world price was causing of a domino effect for the Indonesian’s soybeans. Meanwhile, soybean productivity at the farm level is still low ( 1.3 t / ha ) with a range from 0.6 to 2.0 t / ha. In additional, the production technology can able to result of 1.7 to 3.2 t / ha . To solve these problems, It needs to planted the soybean that have a high productivity and efficient technically and economically. The aims of this research are to find the investement feasibility of soybean farming (Tanggamus var.) at Puncak Village, Gorontalo District with benefit cost analysis approach (3 years projection). This research conducted at Puncak Village, Pulubala sub district, Gorontalo District. The datas was a primary observation data in the field, especially the data of soybeans farming activities for 2 seasons (1 year). Analysis method use a benefit cost analysis. The analysis use a financial price (actual price) in the cost factors. The result showed that Net Present Value (NPV) (12%) Rp 10 269 643, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 97.21%, Net Benefit Cost ratio (Net B/C) 2.64 and Payback periodh (PBP) 9 months or 0.7 year or 2 planted seasons.
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