In most mammalian species enamel prisms are regularly arranged in layers of alternating directions forming an angle of approximately 90°. These successive layers of prisms are known as Hunter-Schreger bands (HSBs). The analysis of HSBs may provide valuable information regarding the species life history, taxon and personal identification, with evident applicability in physical anthropology and forensics. Obtaining good quality digital images of HSBs in intact specimens is not always a feasible task. The major problems are the low contrast of images; the reflection of incident light, which may create areas of intense shine in digital images; and the abrupt decrease in the degree of illumination that occurs after light crosses the vertical cracks, frequently present in enamel. We show here that the area of intense shine can be minimized by a polarizing filter coupled to the camera objective, and the filling of enamel cracks with corn oil can reduce refraction of light in enamel cracks. These procedures can significantly increase the quality and the area of HSBs that can be recorded in intact teeth.
Dental enamel is formed by rod‐like structures, the enamel prisms. Groups of prisms are packed together in successive horizontal layers of alternating directions, known as Hunter‐Schreger bands (HSBs). HSBs are the major microstructural characteristic of mammalian enamel. The pattern of HSBs can vary among mammalian species and this variability may provide relevant information regarding the species life history and taxon identification. In human HSBs can be used as a biometric‐based parameter for personal identification in automated systems. The analysis of HSBs has been hampered by technical difficulties. The low contrast between light and dark bands and variations in light intensity may hinder the observation of HSBs in digital images. This article describes a simple and efficient computational procedure that greatly enhances the contrast and minimizes the differences in the intensity of illumination in HSBs images. Its use can significantly increase the quality and the number of HSBs that can be recorded in intact teeth.
Recibido el 04 de junio de 2013. Aceptado para su publicación el 21 de agosto de 2013. RESUMEN La hiperplasia epitelial focal es una de las patologías pertenecientes al grupo de infecciones causadas por el Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) relacionada con los tipos 13 y 32. Su transmisión es por contacto directo o indirecto con secreciones infectadas, siendo su grupo poblacional predilecto los niños, cuyo riesgo es mayor si presentan en su familia condiciones de salubridad insuficiente y malas prácticas de higiene. El tratamiento depende de la evolución de las lesiones que en la mayoría de los casos se resuelven espontáneamente, por lo que es suficiente con la observación. En caso de manifestaciones más severas se puede utilizar crioterapia, cirugía y acido acético. Palabras clave: hiperplasia epitelial focal, higiene, relaciones profesional-familia, enfermedades de la boca.
RESUMENEl granuloma telangiectásico se incluye dentro de las patologías reactivas inflamatorias orales asociadas a efectos secundarios de la ingesta de anovulatorios. Sus características clínicas no son patognomónicas, por lo que su diagnosis se debe realizar con apoyo en estudios histológicos. En cuanto a su incidencia, es mayor en mujeres que se encuentran en la segunda y tercera décadas de la vida. Aunque el factor etiológico aún es discutido, existe evidencia clara de que es una reacción que conjuga la presencia de factores irritantes locales, como la biopelícula, y condiciones sistémicas, como lo son las alteraciones hormonales. Palabras Clave. Granuloma Telangiecticum, Anticonceptivos Hormonales Orales. ABSTRACT Pyogenic Granuloma with Bone Loss in a patient taking ContraceptivesPyogenic Granuloma is one of the reactive inflammatory oral diseases associated with contraceptive intake. The clinical features are not pathognomonic therefore its diagnosis must be made with histological support. Its incidence is higher in women who are in the second and third decade of life. Although its aetiology remains controversial there is clear evidence that it is a reaction to the presence of local irritants such as biofilms together with systemic conditions such as hormonal changes.
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