Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) has many benefits for the human body because it contains several phytochemical compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics. However, many Indonesian people do not know that not only lime fruit has many benefits; the lime peel also has many benefits for the body. This review provides knowledge about the pharmacological activity and development of pharmaceutical products from the lime peel. The keywords Citrus aurantifolia, botany, phytochemical, pharmacology, and product development were searched until November 30, 2020, from journals that can be accessed in databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, Embase, and other databases. The results showed that this plant has various pharmacological properties such as anticancer, traumatic ulcer medication, tyrosinase inhibitor, antibacterial, and antifungal. The development of pharmaceutical products from the lime peel is for mosquito repellents, hand sanitizers, gel products, and chitosan nanoparticles. In conclusion, Citrus aurantifolia has various pharmacological properties and plays a vital role in human health; therefore, it can be used to produce drugs and cosmetics in the future.
A method was described for the simultaneous determination of dexamethasone in herbal weight gain. Three unregistered herbal weight gains (sample A, B, and C) were analyzed by using HPTLC-densitometry method. Samples were extracted as bases into methanol, separated by HPTLC silica gel 60 F254plate using chloroform: methanol (9:1) as mobile phase followed by densitometry measurement of its spot. The result showed that the detector response was linear for concentrations between 100-500 mg/mL (r =0.998). The limits of detection and quantitation were 9.19 mg/mL and 30.64 mg/mL, respectively. Dexamethasone contents from samples were analyzed. The result showed that two samples (sample A and B) were positively containing dexamethasone and the other one showed a negative result. The average contents of dexamethasone from both samples were 0.23% and 0.25%, respectively.
Two methods are described for the simultaneous determination of thiamine in green beans. The green beans were grinded and thiamine was extracted as bases into distilled water, separated by the first method, HPTLC silica gel 60 F 254 plate using methanol: water: acetic acid: ammonia (5:4.5:0.5:0.75) as mobile phase followed by densitometry measurement of its spot. The second method, a highly sensitive colour reaction has been developed. Thiamine was reacted with bromothymol blue to form an ion association complex in a weak base aqueous solution in the presence of some solubilization agents such as polyvinyl alcohol and analyzed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometry. The solution was measured at a maximum absorbance length of 430.5 nm. The first method showed that the detector response was linear for concentrations between 100-500 g/ml (r=0.998). The limits of detection and quantitation were 33.7 g/ml and 113.1 g/ml, respectively. The second method was found to offer good linearity (18-26 g/ml, r=0.998) with 0.6 g/ml limit of detection and 1.9 g/ml limit of quantitation. Thiamine contents from both methods were analyzed. The result showed that average contents of thiamine from both methods were 0.0396% and 1.0009%, respectively. The two proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of thiamine in green beans.
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