Codon usage bias refers to the phenomenon where there is unequal occurrence of specific synonymous codons in a genome, the frequency of which varies within and among species. Molecular evolutionary researches suggest that CUB studies are significant in interpreting evolutionary trends of species or genes. A number of studies on codon usage bias are emerging in different organisms. However, such information remained unclear for organisms in the family Potamididae. This study systematically examined compositional features and codon usage patterns in MT-COI gene among potamidids to identify factors shaping codon usage bias. Quantification of codon usage bias and the identification of causative factors was performed by assessing various parameters such as nucleotide composition, effective number of codons (ENC), relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), parity rule (PR2) analysis, neutrality plot analysis as well as a multivariate statistical approach of correspondence analysis (CoA). The results from neutrality plot suggested that natural selection is the dominant evolutionary factor for CUB in MT-COI gene among the different genera of potamidids. Correspondence analysis (CoA), parity plot and ENC analyses indicated the existence of mutational pressure with minor contribution. Nucleotide composition investigations indicated that, most codons are AT rich, with T nucleotides count being highly presented. Thus, compositional restraint was shown as among the reasons behind the pattern of codon usage in MT-COI gene of species in the family Potamididae.
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