Urban sprawls are transition zones with indefinite borders between rural and urban areas. Many factors cause to the urban sprawl such as population increase, socio-economic factors, technological development and development policies. To have the indefinite borders of the urban sprawl is appeared as a major problem, because urban sprawls have occurred as a result of uncontrolled and unplanned growth. The arrangements should be made for resolving of uncertainties in urban sprawl to eliminate these problems. In this regard, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) would help about determining the borders of urban sprawls and quick data production.
This study aims to identify the income level required for agricultural enterprises to achieve economic sustainability. The theory behind the equation used to calculate a sustainable income is explained. The ecological, technical, social and economic components of sustainability in agricultural enterprises have been identified and discussed and the importance of economic sustainability in terms of achieving total sustainability has been emphasised. Economic sustainability was divided into three components incorporating the income needed to meet the cost of living and to address depreciation and interest costs for the enterprise. Those enterprises that achieved this income level were determined to be economically sustainable. For this purpose, data was collected by using a face-to-face survey method with 181 agricultural enterprises operating in Konya and analysed in line with the purpose of the study. According to the results of our analysis, it was observed that more than 150 enterprises were not sustainable.
In this study, the factors affecting on land value in urban sprawl were analysed via regression analysis. In the analyse, the nominal value of land was taken to be dependent variable while factors affecting the value of the land in urban sprawl were considered to be independent variables. 9 factors that were thought to affect the value of the land were handled. In this study, 3 separate models were analyzed, and all models provided statistically significant results. The basic reason for applying three separate models is to be witness the effects by including the variables in different categories (environmental, social amenity and economical factors) separately to the model. As a result of these analyses, all of environmental, amenity and economic factors should be considered for valuation of urban sprawl.
World trade in agricultural products, tends to increase. Turkey is among the countries in foreign trade advantages with its agricultural potential. As one of the most important tomato producer countries, monitoring of developments in the world tomatoes trade is extremely important for Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate Turkey’s position in world tomato trade. The developments of tomato foreign trade between Turkey and importer countries were analysed using Trade Intensity Analysis Method. Turkey supplied %75 of total tomato exports to Russia. Ukraine, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria and Israel are important markets for tomato export. The epidemic (Covid-19 virus) has also been reflected in the international trade balances in tomato production. Giving importance to Turkey’s political relations and to boost its exports by providing market diversity, it is important for the sustainability of tomato exports. In this context, market researches should be conducted specially to find and entrance into new markets. Besides the fresh tomato, the activities for the export of tomato paste and canned tomato should be implemented.
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