Our results suggest that the cytokines interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta1 may act as growth factors in Epstein-Barr virus related laryngeal carcinoma. These cytokines may thus represent potential targets for molecular therapeutic treatment for laryngeal carcinoma; they may also be useful as indicators of disease prognosis.
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Kronik hepatit C infeksiyonlu hastaların serum örneklerinde otoantikor pozitifliği sıklığı ve otoantikor varlığı ile HCVIn conclusion, although autoantibodies are commonly found among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, the relationship between autoantibodies production and HCV infection is still controversial. More studies are required to understand the autoimmune mechanisms in chronic hepatitis C infection.
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Anahtar sözcükler: Clostridium difficile, ishal, toksin
SUMMARY The Investigation of Frequency of Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B in Stool Samples of Patients with Diarrhea
Clostridium difficile is one of the most important causes of diarrhea associated with antibiotics. Toxigenic strains of C.difficile lead to various clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic colonization to pseudomembranous colitis. The most widely used test for diagnosing C.difficile associated colitis is a test that detects toxins produced by C.difficile in stool samples.In our study, stool samples of 592 patients with diarrhea were studied for prevalence of C.
Objective: Human BK virus (BKV) is a member of the polyomavirus family. In renal transplant recipients, reactivation of BKV may cause the renal-allograft dysfunction. Primary BKV infection usually occurs asymptomatically during childhood. After primer infection, BKV persists latently especially in the urogenital system. Cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BKV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the urinary cytokine responses in patients with BKV infection and associated levels of urinary cytokines and BK viruria. Methods: Urine samples of 72 patients with BKV infection were included in this study. BKV DNAs were detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of cytokines in urine samples were determined by ELISA. Results: The levels of urinary proinflammatory cytokines in BKV DNA positive patients were significantly higher than those of patients who were BKV DNA negative. In addition, urinary proinflammatory cytokines were also higher in BKV DNA positive patients with high viral load than in patients with low viral load. Conclusion: According to our results, it is suggested that proinflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BKV infections. A better understanding of cytokine responses in BKV infections may help to provide new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of BKV infection especially in transplantation patients.
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