Objective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare craniofacial growth among operated and unoperated unilateral cleft lip and palate non-syndromic subjects.Materials and Methods:A sample of 180 subjects of Indian origin was selected. Of them, 90 were operated, and 90 were unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. The subjects were divided into three age groups of 3–5, 8–10, and 20–25 years comprised of 30 patients in each group. The following measurements were evaluated: Angle and length of the cranial base; maxillary spatial positioning and length; mandibular spatial positioning; morphology and length; maxillomandibular relationship. Comparative analysis of the means between the groups was performed with Student's t-test at the significance levels of 5%. The ANOVA test has been performed to test the effect of time.Results:No significant differences were observed between the measurements that represented the angle and length of the cranial base of unoperated and the operated patients (P>0.05). There was statistically significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the maxillary length (Co-A; 69.00 mm in 3–5 years, 68.33 mm in 8–10 years, and 67.17 mm in 20–25 years age group), and SNA angle (74.83° in 3–5 years, 74.17 ° in 8–10 years and 73.17 ° in 20–25 years age group) in operated group. No significant difference noticed on cephalometric values of the mandible, except Ar-Go-Me angle (P˂0.05), which showed vertical growth pattern in unoperated patients (132.50 ° in 3–5 years, 132.00 ° I 8–10 years and 138.33 ° in 20–25 years age group).Conclusion:Lip and palate repair has a significant influence on the maxilla and resulting in retarded growth of maxilla, which causes midface deficiency beyond acceptable sagittal limits. The Gonial angle showed vertical growth pattern in unoperated patients, but the cranial base angle and length of unoperated and the operated patients were similar.

Valid and reliable assessment of students' knowledge and skills is integral to dental education. However, most faculty members receive no formal training on student assessment techniques. The aim of this study was to quantify the value of a professional development program designed to improve the test item-writing skills of dental faculty members. A quasi-experimental (pretest, intervention, posttest) study was conducted with faculty members in the dental school of Majmaah University, Saudi decreased, those with high discrimination increased, and the proportion of questions with more than two non-functional distractors were reduced. These results provide evidence of improved test item quality following implementation of a long-term faculty its value for dental schools.Saleem Shaikh is Lecturer,

Aim: The present study aimed to find prevalence of pulp stones in known South Indian orthodontic patients and to find correlation between pulp stones and patients who underwent orthodontic treatment as well as to reveal any differences due to gender, tooth type, and dental arches. Materials and methods:The present retrospective study was carried out among 200 patients who underwent nonextraction orthodontic treatment. Maxillary and mandibular first and second premolar and molar teeth were selected for the purpose of the study using panoramic radiographs. A total of 3200 teeth of 200 patients were studied for the presence of pulp stones. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Statistical Package for Social the Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Chi-square test was applied to find the significant value and p ≤ 0.05 was considered as a significant value.Results: In all, 11.5% of cases reported pulp stones before the commencement of the orthodontic treatment and 15.5% cases after completion of orthodontic treatment. Overall, 4% increase in cases were found which was statistically significant (p < 0.05);

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy in the perception of the own facial profi le by subjects and to compare the orthodontist's perception of attractive profi le with those of laypeople and dental students. Materials and Methods: In this study, 180 subjects (90 dental students and 90 laypeople) from Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia were evaluated by a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to fi nd out the most attractive profi le among the two groups, the perception of own facial profi le and expectations of subjects from orthodontic treatment. The facial profi les of the individuals were evaluated by two clinicians separately. The diff erences among groups in the perception of the own profi le were compared by using Chi-square (χ 2 ) test. Kappa coeffi cient was used to assess the agreement between the two groups. For all statistical analysis P < 0.05 was set as the signifi cance level. Results:The most attractive profi le perceived by both the groups was Class I, followed by straight profi le and least attractive was Class III profi le with the protrusive mandible. The diff erence in the profi le perception between the clinicians and subjects was statistically signifi cant (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The most attractive profi le perceived by both the groups was Class I, followed by straight profi le dental students were more accurate in the perception of the own profi le. The expected profi le of patients after orthodontic treatment is not same for all the subjects.

Background: The treatment modality of using gingival veneer prosthesis for anterior gingival recession is not widely known even in the dental fraternity. This survey has been conducted considering its essential nature and absence of data on its awareness in the Riyadh region. Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice of gingival veneer prosthesis among dental students, interns, and practitioners in the Riyadh region. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted on dental students, interns, and practitioners of both genders in Saudi Arabia, using a convenient sampling method. The final questionnaire consisted of 12 questions. The percentage of various responses, with reference to the demographics, and statistical significance, were tested by independent sample t-test and p-value <0.05. The responses/data of 446 participants were tabulated and processed in SPSS (version 21.0). Results: The preferred treatment option for an anterior gingival recession proposed by prosthodontists was prosthetic correction (p<0.05), and for other groups, it was periodontal surgery (p<0.05). 66% of general practitioners’ group and 56% of dental students and interns’ group, respectively, were not sure about the ideal treatment option for Miller’s class III & IV gingival defects, while 70% of general practitioners’ group and 65% of the students and interns’ group, respectively, were not sure about the ideal treatment option for the management of gingival tissue loss between implants,. Conclusion: There is a significant lack of knowledge on using gingival veneer prosthesis as a treatment option for anterior gingival defects among general dental practitioners, interns, and dental students (p˂0.05).