Malik et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
A BSTRACT Background: This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals screening of Erythrina suberosa (Roxb) bark and to analyze the enzymatic activities of its various organic fractions. Materials and Methods: Crude methanolic fraction of E. suberosa (Roxb) bark and its respective fractions were screened for the presence of different phytochemicals with different reagents. On the basis of increasing order of polarity, different organic solvents were used to obtain different fractions. Enzymatic studies were performed on crude methanolic extract of the plant. All the assays were performed under standard in vitro conditions. Results: The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and flavonoids. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are the major constituents of the plant. In anticholinesterase assay, the percent inhibition of standard drug (eserine) was 91.27 ± 1.17 and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was 0.04 ± 0.0001. For α-glucosidase inhibition, the IC 50 value for Dichloromethane fraction was 8.45 ± 0.13, for Methanol fraction it was 64.24 ± 0.15, and for aqueous fraction it was 42.62 ± 0.17 as compared with standard IC 50 that is 37.42 (acarbose). Furthermore, results show that all fractions have potential against anti-urease enzyme, but DCM fraction of crude aqueous extract has significant IC 50 value (45.26 ± 0.13) than other fractions. Conclusion: Keeping in view all the results, it is evident that the plant can be used in future for formulating effective drugs against many ailments. Secondary metabolites and their derivatives possess different biological activities, for example, .g. flavonoids in cancer, asthma, and Alzheimer. Furthermore, the extracts of this plant can be used in their crude form, which is an addition to the complementary and alternative treatment strategies.
To study the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds in acute, sub-acute and chronic experimental models in albino rats. The aqueous extrac tof air-dried seeds of Carica papaya was studied in arrangement-induced paw oedema in rats and the paw volume was measured plethysmometrically at 0 and 3 h after injection and compared with control and standard drug, diclofenac. The drug was subjected to cotton pellet-induced granuloma test in rats. The implanted pallets, removed 8th day were cleaned, dried and weighed. The percentage inhibition of granuloma formation was calculated in comparison to control. The drug was also investigated in formalinduced oedema model in rats. Degree of inflamation was measured plethysmometrically on day 1 and 0 and compared with control and standard drug, diclofenac. All the drug were administered orally. The aqueous extract of Carica papaya significantly (p>0.01) reduced carrageenam-induced pedal oedema (83.5%) and formalininduced pedal oedema (79.06) in rats. It also decreased formation of granulation tissue (52.55) in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats in comparasion to control. The aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds showed significant anti-inflammatory action in acute, sub-acute and chronic experimental models in rats.
A BSTRACT Background: The study was focused on evaluating cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Erythrina suberosa (Roxb.) bark through in vitro pharmacological screening. Materials and Methods: The bark was extracted using different solvents, for example, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous for obtaining the organic fractions. These organic fractions were then evaluated for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity compared with the standard. Cefixime was used as the standard for antibacterial assay, whereas clotrimazole was used as the standard for antifungal activities. Bacterial strains used were Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), whereas for antifungal activities Candida albicans , Candida parapsilosis , and Candida krusei strains were used. Results: The organic fractions obtained were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. In cytotoxic assay (Brine shrimp lethality assay), dichloromethane fraction was the most potent with LD 50 of 47.63, whereas aqueous, methanol, and ethyl acetate fractions showed LD 50 of 121.74, 422.2, and 201.96, respectively. Similarly, for antibacterial assay, dichloromethane fraction showed 32.2mm zone of inhibition against MRSA in comparison with standard cefixime (zone of inhibition, 30.5mm). A minimal zone of inhibition with crude saponins (13.1 and 12.2mm) was observed against C. albicans in comparison to standard (cefixime) with a zone of inhibition of 28.5mm. No prominent results were observed against C. parapsilosis and C. krusei strains. Conclusion: The study was based on the plant from Indo-Pak origin, and it has shown some prominent cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Although the results of this study have provided a basic idea about the efficacy of plant extract, still more explanatory and high-scale studies can be beneficial for elaborating the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of this plant.
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