Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of infection in both humans and animals. Most livestock strains have shown antibiotic resistance to the many molecules used in veterinary therapeutics. This study aimed to assess the resistance patterns of these bacteria, we carried out our study in the Tiaret and Souk Ahras areas of Algeria. Materials and Methods: We collected 116 samples of bovine and goat milk to detect S. aureus. We used a selective media to isolate the strains, followed by biochemically identifying the isolates. We determined the susceptibility of the strains to antibiotic molecules using the disk diffusion method and confirmed the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Our results showed that 26.72% of the samples were contaminated with S. aureus, and we recovered 31 isolates from the positive samples. We ascribed a high resistance profile to penicillin G (96.77%), fusidic acid (67.74%), and tobramycin (45.16%) and isolated 4MRSA strains. Conclusion: The presence of S. aureus, including MRSA strains in raw milk, can present a public health hazard, because these strains can cause widespread food poisoning . This finding will be useful to the veterinarians to choose an adequate treatment and to sensitize livestock breeders and milk producers to ensure the health of consumers.

This experiment was carried out on Ouled Djellal rams in order to study the effect of season on testicular size, serum testosterone level and semen characteristics for a period of one year. Blood samples were obtained via jugular vein, and semen was collected by using an electro-ejaculator from six fertile male rams (2-4 years of age) on a monthly basis. In this breed, testis parameters varied seasonally showing the highest average values during autumn. However, the variation of body weight, GSI, serum testosterone levels, mass motility, individual motility and sperm concentration were not significant during the sampling period. The results reported show that the lowest and highest levels of semen volume were recorded in winter (0.62±0.11 ml) and in autumn (1.23±0.09 ml) respectively. The pH value and total number in sperm showed a uniform pattern with low scores during breeding season and high scores in non-breeding season. High percentage of live sperm was recorded during the summer, and high percentage of abnormal sperm was recorded during winter.

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Several studies have shown relationship of biometric testicular, hormonal profiles and fertility. Objective of present research were to predict the fertility of stallion by biometric testicular and hormonal analysis. Measurement of the testis of adults Arabian stallions (n=36) from National Haras Chaouchoua of Tiaret, Algeria. The length (TL), the width (TW), the height (TH), and the scrotal width of the testicles (TSW) during three consecutive seasons (April: 2014(April: -2016. From these measurements, the total testicular volume (TTV), the daily sperm output (DSO) and the daily sperm product (DSP) were calculated. The serum testosterone concentration, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) were also evaluated by IMMUNOTECH® during April 2016.The scrotal width (TSW: 11.06 ± 1.55) cm, was very highly correlated to the age and the body weight of the stallions as well as with all the testicular parameters (p<0.01). The scrotal width (TSW) was correlated positively to testosterone, (r=0,14).The examination of the testicular size is an important criteria to estimate for selection the stallions with highest fertility potential.

Body weight (BW) and scrotal circumference (SC) were obtained from 50 indigenous bucks (between one and three years old) in the region of El-Tarf (Algeria) to define testicular growth development and their relationship with age. Then, the bucks were slaughtered and the testicles were collected. The testicular sizes (Testicular length (TL), Testicular Diameter (TD) and testicular weight (TW) were measured, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. Results revealed that the means of body weight, reaching a value of 28, 53±7.38 kg. These parameters were correlated with one; another and the values were compared with those. The SC was positively correlated with the BW and the TW (r = 0.74, p<0.001), the TL (r=0.56, p<0.001), the TD (r = 0.32, p<0.05). The GSI showed negative correlation with body weight and testicular weight. Results of the present study revealed that SC and TW are the most reliable useful indicator and are an important selection criterion to determine the testicular development and breeding soundness of bucks as it is highly correlated with testicular parameters.

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