Superficial and cutaneous aspergillosis is a rare fungal disease that is restricted to the outer layers of the skin, nails, and the outer auditory canal, infrequently invading the deeper tissue and viscera, particularly in immunocompromised patients. These mycoses are acquired through two main routes: direct traumatic inoculation or inhalation of airborne fungal spores into paranasal sinuses and lungs. Lesions are classified into three categories: otomycosis, onychomycosis, and cutaneous aspergillosis. Superficial and cutaneous aspergillosis occurs less frequently and therefore remains poorly characterized; it usually involves sites of superficial trauma—namely, at or near intravenous entry catheter site, at the point of traumatic inoculation (orthopaedic inoculation, ear-self-cleaning, schizophrenic ear self-injuries), at surgery incision, and at the site of contact with occlusive dressings, especially in burn patients. Onychomycosis and otomycosis are more seen in immunocompetent patients, while cutaneous aspergillosis is widely described among the immunocompromised individuals. This paper is a review of related literature.

The relationship between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic contents (total polyphenol, flavonoid and condensed tannin) of Retama monosperma (Fabaceae), used commonly in the traditional medicine of Mediterranean regions, was investigated. The antioxidant activities of the various fractions (toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) of the hydromethanolic extract of the seeds, stems and flowers have been evaluated using in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and Phosphomolybdic acid assays and were compared to ascorbic acid. A significant high Pearson's correlations between flavonoid content and antioxidant activities (r = 0.91) with Phosphomolybdic acid assays and (r = - 0.79) with IC50 DPPH radical scavenging activities. However, there was no correlation between condensed tannin and antioxidant activities. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction of seeds is a potential source of natural antioxidant for R. monosperma.

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Hydatid cyst is a zoonosis caused mainly by the larval stage of the cestode worm Echinococcus granulosus, hydatidosis is frequently found in sheep-raising countries such as the Mediterranean countries. The disease usually involves the liver (75%) and lung (15%). We describe a case of hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle; we are reporting this case because of its rarity and its difficulty to diagnose clinically. A 16 –year-old female from rural setting, presented to the department of surgery of our institution, with complaints of right flank pain. On abdominal examination, there was sensitization in the right lower quadrant, and there was no resistance or rebound. On abdominal ultrasonography, a 6 × 6 cm hydatid cyst was detected within the psoas muscle, which was confirmed by positive indirect hemagglutination, no other organ involvement has been detected by CT scan. A pericystectomy was performed; the intact intramuscular cyst was completely excised, Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the specimen confirmed Hydatid cyst. The patient was discharged from hospital on the fifth postoperative day. No local recurrence was detected during postoperative follow up. Hydatidosis should be considered in cases of a symptomatic swelling in musculoskeletal system without history of trauma and irradiation when patients belong to endemic area. Cyst or complex retroperitoneal tumors, cold or pyogenic abscess of psoas muscle are considered in differential diagnosis. In the light of this case and the literature data, we discuss the diagnosis and the therapeutic problems raised by hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle.

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