A B S T R A C TAs the application of high-density high-efficiency acquisition technology becomes more and more wide, the areas with complex surface conditions gradually become target exploration areas, and the first-break picking work of massive low signal-tonoise ratio data is a big challenge. The traditional method spends a lot of manpower and time to interactively pick first breaks, a large amount of interactive work affects the accuracy and efficiency of picking. In order to overcome the shortcoming that traditional methods have weak anti-noise to low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave, this paper proposes a high accurate automated first-break picking method for low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface. Firstly, this method determines first-break time window using multi-azimuth spatial interpolation technology; then it uses the improved clustering algorithm to initially pick first breaks and then perform multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation to first breaks according to the following sequence: 'single trace → spread → single shot → multiple shots' to identify the abnormal first breaks; finally it determines the optimal path through the constructed evaluation function and using the ant colony algorithm to correct abnormal first breaks. Multi-azimuth time window spatial interpolation technology provides the base for accurately picking first-break time; the clustering algorithm can effectively improve the picking accuracy rate of low signal-to-noise ratio primary waves; the multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation can accurately and effectively eliminate abnormal first breaks; the ant colony algorithm can effectively improve the correction quality of low signal-to-noise ratio abnormal first breaks. By example analysis and comparing with the commonly used Akaike Information Criterion method, the automated first-break picking theory and technology studied in this paper has high picking accuracy and the ability to stably process low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, has a significant effect on seismic records from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface and can meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency for massive data near-surface modelling and statics calculation.
With the wide application of the high‐density and high‐productivity acquisition technology in the complex areas of oil fields, the first‐break picking of massive low signal‐to‐noise data is a great challenging job. Conventional first‐break automatic picking methods (Akaike information criterion method, energy ratio method, correlation method and boundary detection method) require a lot of manual adjustments due to their poor anti‐noise performance. A lot of adjustments affect the accuracy and efficiency of picking. First‐break picking takes up about one‐third of the whole processing cycle, which restricts petroleum exploration and development progress severely. In order to overcome the above‐mentioned shortcoming, this paper proposes the first‐break automatic picking technology based on semantic segmentation. Firstly, design the time window for primary wave and pick a certain quantity of first breaks from newly acquired data in different zones of the exploration area using the commonly used Akaike information criterion method and interactive adjustments; and then perform pre‐processing on the data within the time window to extract multiple first‐break attribute features and perform feature enhancement, to obtain multi‐dimensional features data blocks, at the same time, label the first breaks. Secondly, u‐shaped architecture network‐like encoding and decoding network is used to implement end‐to‐end feature learning from primary wave attribute data to first‐break labels. The encoding and decoding process of the encoding and decoding network is used to fuse the extraction and feature positioning of primary wave attribute features. At the same time, normalize each layer and use the rectified linear unit function as a non‐linear factor to improve the generalization and sensitivity of network model to low signal‐to‐noise primary waves. Finally, an optimized deep network model is used to predict the first breaks of the data to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the first‐break picking. This method innovatively fuses the multiple conventional automatic picking methods (Akaike information criterion method, energy ratio method, correlation method and boundary detection method) to extract multiple attribute features of primary wave, and improves the accuracy of the training network model to the first‐break detection using the improved UNet‐like encoding and decoding network. The feasibility of the new method is proved by model data. A comparative test is conducted between the new method and the Akaike information criterion method with the actual data, which verifies that the method in this paper has a higher picking accuracy and stable first‐break processing capability for the data with low signal to noise, our method shows a significant advantage when applied to low signal‐to‐noise seismic records from high‐productivity acquisition and can meet the demands of the accuracy and efficiency for near‐surface model building and static calculation of massive data.
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