Abstract:Since the ancient times, all over the world, the identification of herbal medicines have to be based on empirical knowledge. In this article two species constants of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) were discovered relying on the maximum information states of Dual index information theory equation, or common heredity and variation information theory. The two species constants,common peak ratios Pg = 61% and Pg = 70%, which corresponding to symmetry and asymmetry variation states,respectively, were used as two absolute quantitative criteria to identify complex biology systems-TCM. Considered the influences of many other factors on components and experiment processes, the practical theoretical identification standards should be established Pg≧58~64% and Pg≧67~73% ,within the relative error within -3% and + 3% of information value around the maximum information states. Combining the maximum number of effective sample optimum method with this two theoretical standards, the optimized classification of a TCM sample set can be carried out correctly. 42 samples belonging to four species of combination Chinese medicines were tested. The infrared (IR) fingerprint spectra (FPS) of their powder were measured and analyzed by means of the approach provided above. Among the six pairs of four Chinese medicine species, five of them follow the species constant Pg =61% ,one of them obeys the Pg = 70%. The correct recognition ratio of samples was 95.2%, and that of species was 100%.
Currently, biological classification and determination of different categories are all based on empirical knowledge,which is obtained relying on morphological and molecular characters. For these methods they lacks of absolutely quantitative criteria ground on intrinsically scientific principles. In fact, accurate science classification must depend on the correct description of biology evolution rules.In this article a new theoretical approach was proposed, in which two characteristic constants were gained from biological common heredity and variation information theory equation, when it is at the maximum information states, corresponding to symmetric and asymmetric variation states. They are common composition ratios, g P =0.61, and g P =0.70. By analyzing the common composition ratios of compounds among oleoresins, two pine subgenus:Subgen.Strobus (Sweet) Held and Subgen.Pinus could be integrated into one class, Genus pinus, excellently, when g P = 0.61.These two pine subgenus could be classified into two groups clearly,when g P = 0.70.The results is somewhat different from that achieved by means of classical classification relying on morphological characters. On the other hand, the evolution relationship of two subgenus was analyzed based on characteristic sequences of samples, it indicated that white pine origin from pinus tabuliformis. The two constants should be used as the classification constants of some biological categories of plants.
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