In order to determine the frequency, severity of poisoning, and the efficacy of the applied therapeutic measures, retrospective study of 391 patients treated for acute drug poisoning was performed during one-year period at the Clinic for Emergency and Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology. In 49 (12.5%) patients cardiovascular agents were the cause of poisoning, most frequently beta-blockers and calcium antagonists (77.5%). Poisoning with antihypertensive agents was registered in 12.2% of patients, antiarrhythmics in 8.2%, and cardiotonics in 2.1%. Beta-blockers and calcium antagonists caused severe poisoning in over 40% of cases. Predominant clinical manifestations were registered on cardiovascular system, while central nervous system effects occurred secondary to cardiotoxicity. Symptomatic and supportive measures were performed most frequently, while specific agents, glucagon, calcium salts, and others, were used less often.
Combined application of flumazenil and theophylline resulted in the best antidotal effects in the treatment of diazepam poisoned rats. These effects are a result of different mechanisms of their action, longer half-life of theophylline in relation to that of flumezenil and presumably the diuretic effect of theophylline.
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) and other healthcare related
infections continues to be significant problem in surgical patients across
the globe. Aim: To analyze and compare the surveillance data from large
cohort of patients operated in Clinic for Urology, Military Medical Academy
Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed to identify incidence rate
and risk factors for surgical site infections (SSI) from 2010 to 2013.
Infection control personal collected general and healthcare related data
about patients. The microbiologic testing was performed at the Institute of
Medical Microbiology by routine methods. Results: A total of 3823 surgical
procedures (3288 patients) were included in the study. The lowest incidence
rate was observed in kidney surgery (total nephrectomy - 2.4% and partial
nephrectomy - 3.6%), and highest during bladder surgery (total cystectomy -
21.6% and partial cystectomy - 23.5%). The postoperative infections (RR:
2.018; 95%:1.111 -3.666; SE: 0.305; p: 0.021), dra inage (RR:10.417;
95%CI:4.339 - 25.011; SE: 0.447; p: 0.000), preoperative length of hospital
stay (RR:0.909; 95%CI: 0.880 - 0.939; SE: 0.017; p: 0.000) and total length
of hospitalization (RR:1.140; 95%CI:1.117-1.164; SE: 0.010; p:0.000), as well
as contamination class (RR:1.633; CI95%:1.215 - 2.194; SE:0.151; p:0.001) are
independent risk factors for SSI in this cohort of patients. Incidence rate
of diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile was 5.01 to 10 000 patient days.
The most common cause of SSI and urinary tract infections was Klebsiella spp.
Conclusion: The greater attention has been given to adherence to
recommendations for the prevention and control of SSIs as well as management
of multidrug resistant organisms in urology department.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.