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The selection of cost-effective components of the building envelope plays a significant role in a sustainable building design solution. Therefore, in terms of effective decision-making, it is important to have a complete insight into construction and running costs throughout the lifespan of the building. A systematic building information modelling (BIM) approach as a new trend in the innovative approaches in the construction (AECO) industry provides appropriate support for improvement of environmental assessments. Our study presents a new approach to automated/semi-automated comprehensive energy and the whole life-cycle cost analysis of building envelope components using BIM, and, as such, it represents a novelty for Advanced Construction Project Management. It focuses on the sequence of steps required for evaluation of energy and economic assessment, from the basic 3D BIM model, through the energy and cost analysis, to the final evaluation and decision-making. The energy balance was calculated with dynamic simulation, the results of which formed the basis for the cost analysis. Economic assessment of construction and operating costs was performed by implementation of the cost-optimal methodology. Our proposed approach contributes to the environmental assessment of building envelope components throughout the life cycle and includes the economic valuation. The applicability of the systematic approach in our case study considered 24 different variants of building envelope components at three different U-values, namely U0 = 0.28 W/m2K for external wall, U0 = 0.20 W/m2K for roof, U1 = 0.15 W/m2K and U2 = 0.10 W/m2K. Sophisticated project BIM management software was used for the economic evaluation of all elements of the life-cycle costs (LCC). In summary, the main contribution of this approach is provision of a comprehensive and simple insight into all costs in a transparent way, because a 5D BIM model allows for optimal decision-making on appropriate energy and cost-efficient envelope components.

Building information modelling (BIM) may currently be considered the fastest developing concept in the field of construction management, aiming to become a global standard. Although the roots of the concept date back to the mid-1970s, some original expectations are still missing from its implementation. There has been a time gap between its theoretical and practical implementations. While the simultaneous development of information technologies is one reason for the implementation delay, other reasons remain unclear. This paper analyzes the gaps between theoretical and practical BIM application, as well as the legislation regarding BIM implementation in four countries (in alphabetical order: Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Slovenia). The paper additionally presents a survey of current practical BIM applications as well as general and theoretical feedback from construction projects that implemented BIM.Keywords: BIM; construction industry; implementation; project management; survey PREGLED DOSTIGNUĆA PRIMJENE BIM KONCEPTA U HRVATSKOJ, ČEŠKOJ, NJEMAČKOJ I SLOVENIJI Sažetak: Jedan od najbrže razvijajućih koncepata u domeni metoda i alata za upravljanje građevinskim projektima, uz konačni cilj da postane globalni standard, je informacijsko modeliranje građevina, tj. BIM. Iako se koncept razvija od sredine 1970-ih, neka od originalnih očekivanja u njegovoj primjeni i danas nedostaju. Očito je da postoji vremensko odstojanje između njegove teorijske i praktične primjene. Istovremeno, razvijanje nužnih alata informacijske tehnologije je jedan od razloga zašto praktična primjena zaostaje, no ostali razlozi su još nejasni. U ovome radu autori analiziraju razlike između teoretske i praktične primjene BIM-a u zemljama odakle dolaze (Hrvatske, Češke, Njemačke i Slovenije). Rad predstavlja pregled trenutačnih dostignuća primjene BIM-a te povratnih informacija s projekata na kojima je BIM primijenjen.

This paper presents time and cost planning in construction projects using building information modeling (BIM) approach. The BIM technique can be incorporated into the time and cost planning process through several steps. At the beginning, a 3D model of the construction object is developed using an adequate modeling application. After that, the 3D model is imported into suitable BIM construction management software. Thereupon, the project costs are estimated on the basis of quantities of required resources, consumptions, production rates and unit costs. The project activities are then defined and linked to the construction elements of the 3D model as well as updated with allocated resources and costs. The activities with established durations are mutually connected together into a project network plan by taking into account relevant precedence relationships. The project duration is automatically determined from the generated network plan. Finally, the BIM model of the construction object is completed by upgrading the 3D model with defined scheduling and cost data. An application example is presented in the paper to demonstrate the advantages of BIM implementation in architecture, engineering and construction industry. DOI 10.5592/otmcj.2014 IntroductionThe main stream for development of software, that can simultaneously manage building, scheduling and cost data as well as to be suitably applied in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, originated in the year 2004 with the introduction of BIM (Building Information Modeling) (Eastman at al., 2011). At the beginning, the BIM was used to form virtual 3D building models that were able to visualize the construction objects and make their design more understandable. For this purpose, different modeling software, such as AllPlan, ArchiCAD, Bentley Architecture, Revit Architecture, Tekla etc., were put forward and successfully applied in practice (CAD Addict, 2013).Over the years, the modeling software has been upgraded with different modules for handling structural design, analysis of reinforced concrete, mechanical design, energy and environmental issues, visualization, facility management, product and technical information for manufacturers and distributors, etc. Today, some of them use external applications in which the interoperability is often enabled by statical work with import and export of data. Synchronization of multiple data formats, for the purpose of executing the work between the modeling software and other applications in a dynamical manner, is still a great challenge of managing the construction projects using BIM.Scheduling plans for the construction object frequently represent an outcome of common work of different experts. They may incorporate into schedules various information about execution of project activities, application of materials, assignment of workers, employment of machinery, etc. Classically used software for project scheduling includes computer applications such as MicroPlanner, MS Project, Planisware, Primavera, Su...

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Determining the displacements and consequent deformations of structures is a demanding branch of engineering. Displacements are most often determined by geodetic methods, among which high-precision non-contact methods have recently taken the lead. Engineering geodesy is an indispensable part of construction projects. In the desire for efficient and fast measurements, the technology of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and the use of robotic total station (RTS) and other geodetic methods are becoming more and more useful for engineers. In the presented study, we focused on the measurement and comparison of vertical displacements with various mentioned equipment and the determination of the influence of meteorological conditions on the displacements of timber beams that we used to perform the experiment. Measurements were performed both in the laboratory and outdoors. A novelty in the work was the use of a TLS scanner to determine the evaluation of small value displacements and the analysis of the usability of geodetic measuring equipment. In the Materials and Methods section, we describe the equipment used and the characteristics of the beams. The Results section describes the experimental outcomes, which include the performance of experimental analysis of vertical displacements of timber beams under different meteorological conditions. Altogether, the results consist of geodetic measurements and the processing of measured data. The results of measurements of vertical displacements with a terrestrial laser scanner were compared with the results obtained with a robotic total station were evaluated and compared with the displacements calculated from static analysis and the results of other methods used.

The construction industry is facing the increasing process of integration of Industry 4.0 in all phases of the construction project lifecycle. Its exponential growth has been detected in research efforts focused on the usage of the building information modeling (BIM) as one of the most breakthrough innovative approaches in the construction (AEC) industry. BIM brings many advantages as well as changes in the existing construction practice, which allows for adjustment of processes in the most automated possible way. The goal in the design phase is to create a comprehensive BIM model that combines the data of all project participants and represents a digital model of a future building. In the construction phase, the monitoring and controlling the work progress is one of the most important and difficult tasks, and it is today still mostly done manually. Currently, more research and actual implementations are oriented towards the introduction of the automated construction progress monitoring (ACPMon). All of this is the basis for advanced construction project management (ACPMan).