INTRODUCTIONNutrition is directly linked to the human resource development, productivity and prosperity of a country. It is the focal point of health and well being. Health status of any individual or a community is directly indicated by the nutritional status of the particular individual or community.1 Over 225 million Indians remain chronically undernourished.2 India's malnutrition and Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) figures are not coming down despite a number of government programmes. As per NFHS-2 (1998-99) 3 and NFHS-3(2005-06) 4 , there have been marginal changes in child malnutrition and CED in women over a period of seven years. There are about 800 million people undernourished in the world. Most of them live in developing country, about 30% each in southern and eastern Asia, 25% in sub-Saharan Africa, and 8% in Latin America and the other Caribbean. 5Chronic Energy Deficiency results when the body needs for energy fuels (carbohydrate, fat, protein) cannot be met by the diet. It includes a wide spectrum of clinical ABSTRACT Background: Indian rural women are in a disadvantaged position on nutritional scale due to variety of reasons including inadequate consumption of macronutrients. With this background, a comprehensive dietary assessment of macro-nutrient (energy, protein, and fat) intake of rural women of reproductive age group was contemplated with the objectives: (a) to assess macro nutrients (energy, protein, and fat) intake of study subjects, and (b) to pin point the correlates of their macro nutrients intake. Methods: This study was conducted in a Community Development Block of Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh adopting a community based cross sectional study design. Non pregnant women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) were considered as subjects of this study and the required sample size (610) was selected by adopting multi stage random sampling procedure. Socio-demographic characteristics were obtained by interview technique and dietary intake was assessed by 24 hour oral recall questionnaire method. Results: The average energy, protein and fat intakes were 1657.81 ±461.91 Kcal/day, 45.05 ±18.79gm/day, and 37.52 ±31.16 gm/day, respectively. With respect to Nutrient Adequacy Ratio of these macro-nutrients, the values were 84.4%, 81.82% and 55.54% of respective estimated RDAs. Socioeconomic status (SES) exerted a significant (p<0.05) influence in all these three macro-nutrient consumption. Along with SES, age of study subjects was also found to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with protein intake and castes of study subjects were found to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with daily fat intake as well. Conclusions: Well developed nutrition education programmes for women are needed to ensure adequate consumption of macro-nutrients.
Background: There is paucity of data with regard to the Iodine deficiency in an organized sector like SOS children's village which is an independent, non-governmental, social development organization located in urban Varanasi. Uttar Pradesh is one of the endemic states for goiter. It is expected that similar situation of goiter may prevail in children as well. It is a matter of concern that micro nutrient deficiency and under-nutrition may exist side by side. The objectives of the study were to assess nutritional status and find out the extent of Iodine deficiency in the study subjects, to find out the association between under nutrition and Iodine deficiency and to find out the Iodine content of salt used for cooking in the family. Methods: 118 children of age group 6 to 15 years, from a Non-Governmental Organization (Save Our Soul) in Rural Varanasi constituted materials of the study. Consent from the director of the institution and assent from the individual children was taken prior to examination. All the subjects were examined clinically for the Presence of Goiter. They were subjected to weight and height recording following standard technique. Salt samples from the houses were tested by spot Iodine detection kit. Results: In case of 72.6% female and 91.3% male subjects, BMI for age was <100% of the respective reference values; in all 76.3% subjects belonged to this category. Presence of Goiter among male children was 34.7% and among female children it was 22.2% and overall it was 24.6%. Significant association was observed between nutritional status and iodine deficiency (p<0.05). In 37.5% of salt samples, iodine content was 7 ppm and rest 62.5% shows iodine content 15ppm. Conclusions: Nutritional status of the children under reference was far from being satisfactory. High prevalence of Goiter is matter of serious concern. Iodized salt consumption in the houses was up to the mark but Iodine content of the salt samples from houses was not satisfactory.Special thanks to all the children of SOS children's village for their assent and co-operation in health examination. All the mothers of the village extended their support by providing them with salt sample for analysis.
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