BackgroundPlants are continuously challenged by different environment stresses, and they vary widely in their adjustability. NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) transcription factors are known to be crucial in plants tolerance response to abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity. ANAC019, ANAC055, and ANAC072, belong to the stress-NAC TFs, confer the Arabidopsis abiotic stress tolerance.ResultsHere we isolated two stress-responsive NACs, CiNAC3 and CiNAC4, from Caragana intermedia, which were induced by ABA and various abiotic stresses. Localization assays revealed that CiNAC3 and CiNAC4 localized in the nuclei, consistent with their roles as transcription factors. Histochemistry assay using ProCiNAC4::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis showed that the expression of the GUS reporter was observed in many tissues of the transgenic plants, especially in the root vascular system. Overexpression of CiNAC3 and CiNAC4 reduced ABA sensitivity during seed germination, and enhanced salt tolerance of the transgenic Arabidopsis.ConclusionsWe characterised CiNAC3 and CiNAC4 and found that they were induced by numerous abiotic stresses and ABA. GUS histochemical assay of CiNAC4 promoter suggested that root, flower and local damaged tissues were the strongest stained tissues. Overexpression assay revealed that CiNAC4 play essential roles not only in promoting lateral roots formation, but also in responding to salinity and ABA treatment of Arabidopsis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0591-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The inhibitor of CDK4/6 has been clinically used for treating certain types of cancer which are characterized by G0/G1 acceleration induced by the CDK4/6-RB1 pathway. On the contrary, the cell cycle–related molecules are abnormal in over 50% of the patients with gastric cancer (GC), but the efficiency of inhibiting CDK4/6 does not work well as it is expected. In our study, we found HMGA2 promotes GC through accelerating the S–G2/M phase transition, instead of G0/G1. We also found CDK13 is the direct target gene of HMGA2. Importantly, we analyzed 200 pairs of GC and the adjacent tissue and proved the positive relation between HMGA2 and CDK13; moreover, high expression of both genes predicts a poorer prognosis than the expression of single gene does. We explored the effect of the novel CDK12/13 inhibiting agent, SR-4835, on high HMGA2 expression GC and found inhibition of both genes jointly could reach a satisfied result. Therefore, we suggest that inhibition of CDK13 and HMGA2 simultaneously could be an effective strategy for high HMGA2 expression GC. To detect the expression of both genes simultaneously and individually could be of benefit to predict prognosis for GC.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.