Wind power has emerged as a promising and feasible resource to provide clean energy. The intermittent and uncontrollable characteristics of wind power yet create many stability and reliability issues in power system planning and operation. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have been broadly used to solve the problems. Reliability cost and worth aspect of an ESS is not considered in most studies. This paper proposes an analytical technique to size BESSs for power systems with wind farms based on reliability cost and worth analysis. The expected energy not supplied (EENS) and expected energy not used (EENU) are used to evaluate reliability cost and worth. The proposed technique is applied to the IEEE-RTS with a 500MW wind farm. Useful information is obtained for the system planners and wind farm owners to make expansion and improvement decision of the power system.
As large-scale wind power has been and will be integrated into power grid, traditional Active Power Dispatch and Control (APDC) system has encountered new challenges. In this paper, the active power dispatch mode of interconnected power grids which is suitable for the large-scale integration of wind power is analyzed firstly. Secondly, it is pointed out that traditional decentralized balance control mode of active power in provincial power grids would not withstand the impact of the large-scale wind power fluctuation. Then, a centralized control mode is proposed in the paper to reallocate all of the generation resources in a wider power grid. Thirdly, the characteristics of the proposed centralized control mode are analyzed from the following aspects: ways of active power balance, mainbodies of active power control, methods of resource allocation, inter-provincial power exchange, security constraints, and data communications. Finally, considering present dispatch system and technical basis in China, a solution is proposed for the active power control for China interconnected power grids. The aim of the proposed solution is to achieve the centralized control mode, and the hierarchical coordination control mode is the transition between present system and the final system.
The coordinated control of multiple-sources including wind, photovoltaic (PV) and storage brings new challenges to traditional dispatch and control technologies. This paper firstly introduces a framework of wind, PV and storage co-generation monitoring system. Then, key technologies of co-generation monitoring system including day-ahead optimal dispatching, active power coordinated control and reactive power and voltage control are proposed. The framework and the techniques described in this paper have been applied in the National Wind, Photovoltaic, Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project of China, and their validity have been tested and verified.
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