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Background One of the most frightening procedures for children is surgery. This study aimed to assess the effect of animated illustrated stories on anxiety and behavioral disorders in children after surgery. Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT), 60 children between 4 and 8 years who went through adenotonsillectomy were divided into two groups based on random numbers. In the intervention group, animated illustrated books were read for the children by the researcher, for 30 mins, on the night before surgery. Child’s anxiety was measured using the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and Behavioral Disorder questionnaire (a researcher-made tool) before and 10 days after the book reading. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The results showed that mean scores of physiological anxiety ( P -value<0.001), social concerns/concentration ( P -value=0.012), and total anxiety ( P -value<0.001), except worry/oversensitivity ( P -value=0.140), statistically significantly decreased in the intervention group after book reading, but mean total anxiety and its three dimensions did not show statistically significant differences before and after treatment in the control group ( P -value>0.05). Mean scores of the Behavioral Disorder questionnaire significantly decreased in the intervention group after book reading ( P -value=0.001), but significantly increased in the control group ( P -value<0.001). Conclusion The results showed that reading animated illustrated books could be effective in reducing anxiety and behavioral disorders in children after surgery. It seems that these books could be a new and creative way to distract children and can be used as supportive care.

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The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of spiritual self-care training on the quality of life of mothers of preterm infants. This trial was carried out on 60 mothers with premature infants. Mothers were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Training for increasing awareness about the condition of the infants was carried out in both groups. In the intervention group, spiritual self-care training was also done. Data were completed in both groups before, immediately after, and two weeks after the intervention by using the standard WHO quality of life questionnaire. Data were analysed using statistical tests, including ANOVA and Repeated Measures. The results showed that the average quality of life of mothers under study was significantly different at different points of measurement in the intervention group (first, second, and third time-points) (P = 0.016). An increase was observed in the intervention group at the second time-point compared to the first time-point (84.2-88.4, P < 0.001) and in the third time-point compared to the first time-point, (87.9), which was also statistically significant (P < 0.001). According to the results of post hoc tests, there was a decrease in quality of life in the control group at the second time-point compared to the first time-point and the average score of mothers decreased from 82.9 to 75.3, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Spiritual self-care training can increase the quality of life and can be used as a form of holistic nursing care for mothers with premature infants in neonatal intensive care units.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common complaint in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SD and its related risk factors in men with MS in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 320 men who had been diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald revised criteria were recruited from January to June 2019, from the north, south, east,

There are limited studies on the relation between short-term exposure to air pollutants and the risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The aim of this study was to determine the relation between the concentration of these pollutants and the risk of hospital admissions due to DVT in Ahvaz, which is one of the world's highly polluted cities. Daily data on pollutants including O 3 , NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, PM 10 , and PM 2.5 and DVT hospital admissions were collected from2008until 2018. Quasi-Poisson regression combined with linear distributed lag models; adjusted for trend, seasonality, temperature, relative humidity, weekdays, and holidays were used to assess the relation between the daily average of air pollutants and hospital admission for DVT. The results showed that there was a significant increase in hospital admissions due to DVT in the total, men, women, and elderly populations in relation to NO and NO 2. There was also a significant increase in DVT hospital admissions in the male and 60 years populations related to PM 10 ; and among the female and 60 years old populations, related to PM 2.5. Finally, the results showed that there were significant positive associations between SO2 and CO exposure and the incidence of DVT hospital admissions among men and women, respectively. The results of this study show the possible effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on the risk of DVT. Further studies are required to investigate whether direct interventions through industry and government policy may alter the impact of specific pollutants in order to alter the incidence of DVT and other identified health complications.

Background: This study was aimed to determine the children's' blood sugar level in fluid therapy with DSS, RSand NS 0.9% serums and its relationship with the depth of anesthesia in elective surgery.Method: This double-blind experimental study was performed with 90 children referred to the surgical ward, including: group A (receiving DSS), group B (receiving NS 0.9%) and group C (receiving RS) that the blood sugar of each group in 5 steps was measured: half an hour before induction of anesthesia, during induction of anesthesia, half and one hour after induction of anesthesia and after complete awakening in recovery. In addition, the monitoring the vital signs, measuring depth of anesthesia, pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram were performed for all groups.Results: The results showed that the mean blood sugar in the 5 steps measured had a significant difference in three groups under study (P <0.05). The mean blood sugar in the group receiving DSS was significantly higher than the two groups receiving RS and NS 0.9%. Also the mean depth of anesthesia in three groups did not show a significant difference.Conclusion: Finally, according to this study, the use of DSS from the beginning of anesthesia, RS half an hour after the start of anesthesia and NS 0.9% one hour after the start of anesthesia can increase blood sugar in children. Therefore, the use of DSS is not recommended due to the stressful nature of anesthesia and operating room and the possibility of hyperglycemia.

Background: This study was aimed to determine the children's' blood sugar level in fluid therapy with DSS (dextrose saline serum), RS (ringer serum) and NS 0.9% serums (normal saline 0.9%) and its relationship with the depth of anesthesia in elective surgery. Method: This double-blind experimental study was performed with 90 children referred to the surgical ward, including: group A (receiving DSS), group B (receiving NS 0.9%) and group C (receiving RS) that the blood sugar of each group in 5 steps was measured: half an hour before induction of anesthesia, during induction of anesthesia, half and one hour after induction of anesthesia and after complete awakening in recovery. In addition, the monitoring the vital signs, measuring depth of anesthesia, pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram were performed for all groups. Results: The results showed that the mean blood sugar in the 5 steps measured had a significant difference in three groups under study (P <0.05). The mean blood sugar in the group receiving DSS was significantly higher than the two groups receiving RS and NS 0.9%. Also the mean depth of anesthesia in three groups did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: Finally, according to this study, the use of DSS from the beginning of anesthesia, RS half an hour after the start of anesthesia and NS 0.9% one hour after the start of anesthesia can increase blood sugar in children. Therefore, the use of DSS is not recommended due to the stressful nature of anesthesia and operating room and the possibility of hyperglycemia.