No abstract

Background Cigarette smoking among adolescents and its consequences are categorized as serious health problems. Cigarette craving is influenced by various psycho-social factors. Objective This study aimed to investigate desire and intention to smoke based on mindfulness and emotional self-regulation in adolescents. Methods In this correlational study conducted based on structural equation modeling, a sample of 350 male students was randomly selected from different schools of education districts in Isfahan. Three questionnaires, including Hooked on Nicotine Checklist, emotional regulation inventory, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale were employed. Data were analyzed using χ2, correlation coefficient and structural modeling tests. In this regard, SPSS and AMOS software were used. Results The results showed that 62% of male students had experienced cigarette smoking at least once. There was a significant inverse correlation between cigarette craving and emotional reappraisal (r = -0.48), expressive suppression (r = -0.58) and mindfulness (r = -0.55), respectively (p < 0.01). In addition to the direct effect, mindfulness through emotional self-regulation had indirect effects on nicotine craving. A total of 58% of the variance in nicotine craving was explained by the study variables. Conclusion The results showed that the high percentage of male students hooked on smoking is an important issue. In this regard, students' psychological issues such as efficient mechanisms of emotional regulation and their knowledge of the risks of smoking must be addressed by authorities and families.

Background and Objectives:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered as a rare disorder in children. According to cognitive theories, criticism triggers responsibility behavior and thus causes obsessive behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of beliefs associated with responsibility in the relationship between external criticism of parents and obsessive beliefs in adolescents.Materials and Methods:In this study, 547 high school students aged from 15 to18 years were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling from four regions of the education office in Shiraz. Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-child version (OBQ-CV), Pathway to Inflated Responsibility beliefs Scale (PIRBS), and perceived criticism questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson’s correlation was used to investigate the relationship between the study variables. For analysis of mediation model, multiple mediators analysis using Macro Software was used.Results:External criticism only indirectly and through beliefs associated with inflated responsibility accounts for 6% of the variance of responsibility, 14% of the variance of threat estimation and 10% of the variance of perfectionism of obsessive beliefs (P<0.05). However, external criticism, both directly and indirectly and through beliefs associated with inflated responsibility accounts for 7% of the variance of the importance of obsessive beliefs.Conclusion:This study showed that the beliefs associated with inflated responsibility can mediate the relationship between external criticism and obsessive beliefs. According to the cognitive model of Salkovskis, criticism by parents, as a violation to and an influence on children, by affecting the subscales of inflated responsibility, can increase the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In order to identify potential affecting mechanisms of criticism on obsessive-compulsive disorder, further experimental research is required.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered to be a significant impairment in childhood and adolescence. According to cognitive theories, parents' external criticism and emotional self-regulation are among the variables that can directly or indirectly affect obsessive beliefs. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between parents' external criticism and obsessive beliefs in adolescents. Methods: In this study, 547 high school students aged between 15 and 18 years were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. An obsessive beliefs questionnaire-child version (OBQ-CV), a self-regulatory orientations scale, and a perceived criticism questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between the study variables. For analysis of the mediation model, structural equation modeling using the AMOS software was employed. Results: The fitness indices for the four-factor structure of the OBQ, two-factor structure of the emotional self-regulation instrument, and single-factor structure of parents' external criticism were reported as favorable [root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.1]. External criticism was associated only indirectly with obsessive beliefs through emotional self-regulation. The two variables of emotional self-regulation and external criticism explained 47% of the variance in obsessive beliefs. Conclusion: This study showed that self-regulation can mediate in the relationship between parents' external

Psychological factors are important for the prevention of disease. This study aims to identify the psychological perceptions of people who are ignoring the warnings of novel COVID-19 infection. A qualitative content analysis was carried out from May to July 2020. The interviewees were selected purposefully from Isfahan, Iran. The saturation point was achieved in 20 semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the transcribed documents using MAXQDA software (version 12).The results revealed 2 themes and 6 sub-themes related to the psychological beliefs of individuals with no attention to corona alerts. Themes and sub-themes included Biased cognitive processing (biased beliefs, attention biases, metacognitive beliefs and Depressogenic schemata), low compassion, and empathy for oneself and others (Negative Emotions towards Oneself, low altruism). To ensure a positive attitude towards precautionary measures in society, the thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors of people who ignore coronavirus alerts need to be changed. This is achieved through the use of mass media and virtual networks, by encouraging people to change their negative attitude towards the use of preventive measures, individual and social protection campaigns, and by fostering a sense of responsibility.