Background:Nowadays, establishment of nCPAP and surfactant administration is considered to be the first level of intervention for newborns engaged in the process of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). In order to decrease the side effects of the nCPAP management placed in noninvasive-non-cycled respiratory support. Noninvasive-cycled respiratory support mechanism have been developed such as N-BiPAP. Therefore, we compared N-BiPAP with Bubble-CPAP in a clinical trial.Materials and Methods:This research was done as an on newborns weighing less than 1500 grams affiliated with RDS. A3 The total number of newborns was 70. Newborns were divided into two groups with the sample size of 35 patients in each, according to odd and even document numbers. One group was treated with N-BiPAP and the other with Bubble-CPAP. Patients were compared according to the length of treatment with noninvasive respiratory support, length of oxygen intake, number of surfactant doses administered, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, apnea, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and death. Data was recorded and compared.Results:The average duration for noninvasive respiratory support and the average time of need to complementary oxygen was not significantly different in both groups (P value > 0.05). Need for invasive ventilation, also chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), pneumothorax, need for the next dose of surfactant, and the death rate did also have no meaningful difference. (P value > 0.05).Conclusion:In this research N-BiPAP did not show any obvious clinical preference over the Bubble-CPAP in treatment of newborns weighing less than 1500 grams and affiliated with RDS.
Background:Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources recently used for phototherapy in neonatal jaundice. We compared the efficacy and safety of LEDs with fluorescent phototherapy in the treatment of indirect hyperbilirubinemia.Materials and Methods:This controlled trial was conducted on preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan (Iran) who needed conventional phototherapy for uncomplicated indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Neonates received phototherapy through devices with LEDs or special blue fluorescent tubes. Primary outcomes included the rate of fall of total serum bilirubin (TSB, mg/dL/hour) and duration of phototherapy (hours). Secondary outcomes were treatment failure and side effects.Results:A total of 64 infants with gestational age of 33.5 ± 1.2 weeks, chronological age of 73.0 [SE = 7.3] hours, and weight of 1757.5 ± 147.6 gram were enrolled. The rates of fall of TSB were 0.20 [SE = 0.03] and 0.12 [SE = 0.01] mg/dL/hour in the LED and fluorescent groups, respectively (P = 0.472). Treatment duration was 37.5 ± 26.8 and 45.3 ± 32.1 hours in the LED and fluorescent groups, respectively (P = 0.292). There was no treatment failure in the two groups. Mild hyperthermia was occurred in 3.1% and 28.1% of infants in the LED and fluorescent groups, respectively (P = 0.006).Conclusions:LED light source is as effective as fluorescent tubes for phototherapy of preterm infants with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Considering less frequent side effects, less energy consumption, longer life span, and lower costs, LED phototherapy seems to be a better option than current conventional phototherapy.
Background:Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides the capability of monitoring oxygenation levels in cerebral microscopic vessels, enabling the operator to observe the spontaneous changes in the levels of hemoglobin concentration in tissue and interpret the resulting fluctuations. The current study tried to investigate whether brain's autoregulatory mechanisms in premature newborns have the potential to prevent the adverse effects caused by asynchronous changes of pressure in the rib cage. Therefore, NIRS method was applied to newborns that were alternatively shifted from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and vice versa.Methods:This study was done as a crossover randomized clinical trial on 30 very low-weight newborns under nCPAP, who had received surfactant as a result of respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis, from April 2015 to April 2016, in Isfahan Shahid Beheshti Educational Hospital. The newborns were 72 h old, experiencing continuous distending pressure (CDP) = 4–6 cmH2O with FiO2 = 30%–40%. The respiratory support would alternate from nCPAP to NIPPV and vice versa (with indicators of expiratory PAP (EPAP) = CDP and inspiratory PAP = EPAP + 4 cmH2O), and the cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO2) was monitored using NIRS.Results:The study results indicated that newborns significantly showed higher levels of CrSO2(84.93, P = 0.005) and oxygenation (94.63, P = 0.007) under nCPAP rather than NIPPV (82.43 and 93.43, respectively). The respiratory rate was also meaningfully slower when newborns were under nCPAP (P = 0.013).Conclusions:This study revealed that applying NIPPV may have an unfavorable effect on the premature newborn's brain tissue perfusion. However, more studies are needed to ensure solid outcomes.
Background:Nasal cannula, beside administering low-flow therapy, showed the capability for the administration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). Meeting specific physical criteria of 100% relative humidity (RH) and temperature of 37°C are the basic interventional requirements to administer oxygen for the newborns through a nasal cannula. Recently, two systems, MR850 and PMH7000, received the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to administer heated, humidified HFNC (HHHFNC). These systems are evaluated in this study based on their humidifying and heating capabilities.Materials and Methods:This study was done as an RCT on newborns weighing 1,000 to 1,500 g recovering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) while nCPAP was administered at CDP = 4 cmH2O, Fio2 <30%. Patients were randomized to two groups of 35 receiving HHHFNC after treatment with nCPAP, with one group using MR850 humidifier and the other PMH7000. The patients were compared according to the duration of HHHFNC administration, repeated need for nCPAP respiratory support, the need for invasive ventilation, apnea, chronic lung disease (CLD), nasal trauma, RH, and temperature of the gases.Results:The average time of support with HHHNFC did not show any significant difference in the two groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the need for nCPAP, invasive ventilation, apnea, nasal trauma, and CLD. The difference in the levels of average temperature and humidity was significant (P value <0.001).Conclusion:Although the records of temperature and RH in the PMH7000 system was lower than the records from the MR850 system, no clinical priority was observed for respiratory support with HHHNFC in the two systems.
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