Fresh produce is popular worldwide because it is recognized as an important source of nutrients, vitamins and fiber for humans. However, in the last two decades outbreaks of food borne illness and cases associated with fresh produce have increased significantly. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water (EO) and alkaline water (AlcO), 200-ppm chlorine water, 3% H 2 O 2 and/or sterile distilled water wash in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface of dip-inoculated tomato and cucumber. Inoculated sample (tomato, cucumber) were dipped in 200 ml of electrolyzed acidic or alkali water, or 200 ppm chlorine water, or 3% H 2 O 2 and/or sterile distilled water and hand rubbed for 90 seconds followed by second wash with sterile distilled water for 90 seconds to minimize the residual effect. Approximately 2.0 log CFU/g reduction was observed when washed with acidic electrolyzed water (EO) and alkaline water (AlcO). On the other hand, approximately 3.0-4.0 log CFU/g reduction was observed while washing with chlorine water and 3% H 2 O 2. Washing with distilled water found ineffective in reducing the pathogen. Prevalence of total microbial population, coliforms, Salmonella enteriditis, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica was also observed in non-spiked samples (tomato, cucumber). It was found that total microbial population, coliform bacteria and other pathogens varied among different samples depending on the location and type of samples. However, no Salmonella spp., were found in the tested samples. The results revealed that 3% H 2 O 2 or 200 ppm chlorine water gave better reduction than that of acidic electrolyzed water and alkali water.
Macrophages are classified mainly into two subtypes, M1 and M2, which exhibit distinct phenotypes, based on their microenvironment. We have recently demonstrated that
Gpr137b
is abundantly expressed in RAW264 macrophages, “
Gpr137b
is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor associated with M2 macrophage polarization” (Islam et al., in press) [1]. Although recent studies have suggested that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are associated with M1/M2 macrophage polarization (“G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, TGR5) agonists reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and stabilize the alternative macrophage phenotype” (Hogenauer et al., 2014)
[2]
, “Leukotriene B4 promotes neovascularization and macrophage recruitment in murine wet-type AMD models” (Sasaki et al., 2018)
[3]
), available information about GPCR-mediated macrophage polarization is still limited. This prompted us to generate
Gpr137b
-knockout (KO) RAW264 clones using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to elucidate the function of
Gpr137b
in interleukin (IL)-4-induced M2 macrophage polarization (Islam et al., in press) [1].
Here we present the datasets of a microarray analysis to identify
Gpr137b
-dependent IL-4-responsive genes in RAW264 cells. The raw microarray data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/
) under the accession number GSE117578,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE117578
.
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