Accuracy and diversity are considered to be the two deriving factors when it comes to generating an ensemble classifier. Focusing only on accuracy causes the ensemble classifier to suffer from ''diminishing returns'' and the ensemble accuracy tends to plateau; whereas focusing only on diversity causes the ensemble classifier to suffer in accuracy. Therefore, a balance must be maintained between the two for the ensemble classifier to achieve high classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel diversity measure known as Misclassification Diversity (MD) and an Incremental Layered Classifier Selection (ILCS) approach to generate an ensemble classifier. The proposed approach ILCS-MD generates an ensemble classifier by incrementally selecting classifiers from the base classifier pool based on increasing accuracy and diversity. The benefits are in two folds 1) the generated ensemble classifier contains only those classifiers from the pool which can either maximize accuracy whilst maintaining or increasing the diversity, and 2) the generated ensemble classifier selects only a few classifiers from the base classifier pool thus reducing ensemble component size as well. The proposed approach is evaluated on 55 benchmark datasets taken from UCI and KEEL dataset repositories. The results are compared with five existing pairwise diversity measures, and existing state of the art ensemble classifier approaches. A significance test is also conducted to verify the significance of the results.INDEX TERMS Ensemble classifiers, neural networks, multiple classifiers learning, diversity measures.
With the advent of modern technologies, the healthcare industry is moving towards a more personalised smart care model. The enablers of such care models are the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). These technologies collect and analyse data from persons in care to alert relevant parties if any anomaly is detected in a patient’s regular pattern. However, such reliance on IoT devices to capture continuous data extends the attack surfaces and demands high-security measures. Both patients and devices need to be authenticated to mitigate a large number of attack vectors. The biometric authentication method has been seen as a promising technique in these scenarios. To this end, this paper proposes an AI-based multimodal biometric authentication model for single and group-based users’ device-level authentication that increases protection against the traditional single modal approach. To test the efficacy of the proposed model, a series of AI models are trained and tested using physiological biometric features such as ECG (Electrocardiogram) and PPG (Photoplethysmography) signals from five public datasets available in Physionet and Mendeley data repositories. The multimodal fusion authentication model shows promising results with 99.8% accuracy and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.16.
In this paper, a new method is proposed for creating an optimized ensemble classifier. The proposed method mitigates the issue of class imbalances by partitioning the input data into its various data classes. The partitions are then clustered incrementally to generate a pool of class pure data clusters. The generated data clusters are then balanced by adding samples from all classes which are closest to the cluster centroid. In this manner all generated data clusters are balanced and classifiers trained on such a data cluster are unbiased as well. This creates a diverse input space for training of base classifiers. The pool of clusters is then utilized to train a set of diverse base classifiers to generate the base classifier pool. The pool of classifiers is then treated as a combinatorial problem of optimization and an evolutionary algorithm is incorporated. The proposed approach generates an optimized ensemble classifier that can not only achieve the highest classification accuracy but also has a lower component size as well. The proposed approach is tested on 31 benchmark datasets from UCI machine learning repository and results are compared with existing state-of-the-art ensemble classifiers as well.
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