Purpose: To evaluate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential of seed oil of Nigella sativa L (NSO). Methods: Nigella sativa seed oil (NSO) was extracted with Soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, and was given orally at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight to alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits daily for 24 days. Biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and plasma glucose were determined in the treatment and control groups. Furthermore, bilirubin, vitamin C, catalase and mean body weight were assessed. Results: NSO treatment significantly lowered serum blood glucose levels and lipid contents, but increased the mean body weight, HDL-C and vitamin C levels of diabetic rabbits (p < 0.001). Moreover, NSO significantly decreased catalase activity, TC, TGs, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels, but normalized bilirubin levels in diabetic rabbits. Conclusion: These results indicate that NSO possesses significant antidiabetic potential. Thus, it may be useful as an adjunct with antidiabetic medication but further studies are required to ascertain this. Keywords: Black cumin, Diabetes, Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, Antioxidants

In spite of the rapid progress in the field of medicine, humanity still striving for cure of diabetes, a disorder of metabolism. From literature study it is inferred that no one therapeutic agent is isolated and/ or synthesized to treat diabetes, but to manage the disease. Therefore, it is of much importance to address this medical issue with phytochemical synergism for boosting immunity and limiting the severe side effects of synthetic hypoglycemic agents. The antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of black seeds and chickpea have been determined previously, however the combined hypoglycemic effect of these seeds has not been studied until now. In present study the combined methanolic extract (CME) of Nigella sativa (black cumen) and Cicer arietinum (chickpea) seeds has shown the significant antioxidant potential as revealed by its significantly reduced IC50 value for radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay (-36.39%, p<0.001) compared to the standard compound butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and also due to the presence of significant (p<0.001) amount of total phenolic contents (TPC) in the mixture (254.2+2.75 mg GAE/g of dry weight). The CME was also fractionated through column chromatography and based on the phytochemical analysis, the fractions enriched with phenolic compounds were isolated and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The IR-spectra have shown the presence of respective functional groups, indicating the isolation of specific phenol enriched compounds from CME which may be further used for drug development. During the evaluation of antidiabetic potential of CME in alloxan induced diabetic rats, the animals showed non-significant (p>0.05) increase (2.12%) in observed body weights, however, showed the significant decrease in blood glucose levels (-42.24%, p<0.001) compared to the diabetic control rats. Our findings suggest that CME may be used as a potential hypoglycemic herbal medication or might be used in conjunction with the usual synthetic drugs to boost activity and limit the side effects.

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Soil damage has been increased the in the few last decades due to human activities, urbanization and other erotic factors. Absorption of water through soil and aerial parts of plants and resource management strategies allow for the conservation of water. While, organic matter playing important role in good soil structure and water holding capacity, promotes water infiltration, and protects the soil from erosion and compaction. The best water conservation practices to be made in order to optimize the water usage as quantity of water reflected to the crops cultivations. Soil restoration increases the chances to minimize the risk of climatic conditions that ultimately helpful for making the soil fertility. In soil, water from different sources absorbed including the rain sources, surface water, ground water and external water sources. Agricultural groundwater sources are also maintained for irrigation and storage of water needed for survival of climatic conditions. Water storage through solar panels also another way for marinating the water balance and also helpful for storage system. Vertical flow CWs (VFs) are more efficient for marinating the water balance in the agricultural land as compared to the horizontal flow.