this study intends to explore the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated factors in Bangladesh. the necessary information was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011. In bivariate analysis, Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between selected covariates and diabetes status. A two-level logistic regression model with a random intercept at each of the individual and regional level was considered to identify the risk factors of DM. A total of 7,535 individuals were included in this study. From the univariate analysis, the prevalence of DM was found to be 33.3% in 50-54 age group for instance. In bivariate setup, all the selected covariates except sex of the participants were found significant for DM (p < 0.05). According to the two-level logistic regression model, the chance of occurring DM increases as age of the participants' increases. It was observed that female participants were more likely to have DM. The occurrence of DM was 62% higher for higher educated participants, 42% higher for the individuals who came from rich family and 63% higher for the individuals having hypertension. The chance of developing diabetes among overweighed people was almost double. However, the individuals engaged in physical work had less chance to have DM. this study calls for greater attention of government and other concerned entities to come up with appropriate policy interventions to lower the risk of DM. The epidemic of the century-Diabetes Mellitus (DM), often referred as simply diabetes, is a set of metabolic disorder or syndrome recognized as chronic hyperglycemia (presence of high blood sugar) occurs due to imperfections in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both 1,2. It is now prevalent across the world with multiple complications 3-5. In 2014, around 422 million people were affected by DM and 1.5 million deaths were reported in 2012 6,7. According to WHO report, 2016, 8% (12.88 million) of total population of Bangladesh was affected by diabetes whereas 3% of total deaths of all-ages occurred due to diabetes 8. An increasing rate in the prevalence of DM among the Bangladeshi populace is also observed over time 9. Diabetes may result in a wide range of physiological as well as psychological problems including sexual disorder 10. The lower sexual functions or dysfunctions termed as loss of libido may be observed in both females and males as a consequence of DM 11-18. In addition, severe vision loss, acute renal diseases which may require dialysis or kidney transplant, myocardial infarction otherwise known as heart attack, cerebrovascular diseases like stroke, and hypertension are markedly observed 19-27. Due to the intensity of the adverse effects of diabetes, it is important to find out the determinants to address the issue in order to contribute to improving country health situation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that relies on many factors and may vary over time and region. Accordingly, it requires to be screened on a constant basis. Previously, man...

Factors affecting stunting among children under five years of age in BangladeshAshis TAlukder A-F , shAhArior rAhmAn rAzu A, D-F , md. zobAyer hossAin A, D-F orCid id: 0000-0002-5031-1128 khulna university, bangladeshBackground. Stunting is a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Knowledge about the risk factors of stunting among children under five years of age is important for devising nutritional intervention programs and strategies.Objectives. This study attempts to uncover the risk factors associated with stunting status among children under five years of age in bangladesh.Material and methods. This study uses Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014 data collected from an observational study. The ordinal dependent variable, child stunting status (categorized as severely stunted, moderately stunted and normal) is constructed by calculating height-for-age Z scores (HAZ). The bivariate analyses were performed using chi-square test to explore possible associations between stunting status and selected covariates. To know the marginal effects of independent variables, the proportional odds (PO) model was considered. Results. In bivariate setup, all the selected independent variables were found to be highly significant (p < 0.01). However, in multivariate analyses, child age, mother's education, mother's BMI and wealth index were found to be highly significant (p < 0.01) factors for the stunting status of children. The risk of having stunted children was found relatively higher in Chittagong (odds ratio = 1.466, p < 0.05), Sylhet (odds ratio = 1.345, p < 0.05) and Rangpur (odds ratio = 1.276, p < 0.1), compared to the Barisal division. Along with this, the birth interval of children (p < 0.05) and antenatal care service during pregnancy (p < 0.1) were found to be associated with child stunting status. Conclusions. Child age, mother's education, mother's BMI and wealth index were the most significant determinants in this study. Hence, policy makers should consider these factors while devising child nutrition programs and intervention strategies.

Background: Both obesity and disability have been widely recognised as major public health challenges because they play significant roles in determining self-perceived general and mental health. Longitudinal studies of the relationship between obesity and disability with self-reported health outcomes are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the relationship between obesity and disability with self-perceived general and mental health among Australian adults aged 15 years and above. Methods: Data were extracted from the most recent 14 waves (waves 6 through 19) of the annual individual person dataset of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The longitudinal random-effects logistic regression model was adopted to investigate the relationships between obesity and disability with self-reported health outcomes. Results:The results revealed that obese individuals and adults with some form of disability are more likely to report poor or fair general and mental health. The odds of self-reporting poor or fair general health were 2.40 and 6.07 times higher among obese (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.22-2.58) and adults with some form of disability (aOR: 6.07, 95% CI: 5.77-6.39), respectively, relative to adults with healthy weight and those without disability . The results also showed that self-rated poor or fair mental health were 1.22 and 2.40 times higher among obese adults (aOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15-1.30) and adults with disability (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.30-2.51), respectively, compared to their healthy weight peers and peers without disability. Conclusion:As governmental and non-governmental organisations seek to improve the community's physical and mental well-being, these organisations need to pay particular attention to routine health care prevention, specific interventions, and treatment practices, especially for obese and/or people with disabilities.

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