SažetakAsocijacija sa edifikatorskom vrstom Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. do sada nije opisana u Bosni i Hercegovini. U sintaksonomskom pregledu vegetacije Srbije (Kojić et al., 1998) Od ukupnog florističkog sastava asocijacije 68,42 % vrsta su karakteristične za asocijaciju i više sintaksonomske jedinice, što govori da je asocijacija tipično izražena i optimalno razvijena u vinogradima rejona Hercegovina. Potpuni karakteristični skup asocijacije izgrađuju četiri vrste: Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Convolvulus arvensis L., Chenopodium album L. i Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. Analizom biološkog spektra asocijacije može se konstatovati izrazito terofitski karakter. Sastojine asocijacije Diplotaxietum muralis (ass. nova) su potpuno razvijene na cijeloj površini vinograda u ljetnjem i jesenjem aspektu. Areal spektar asocijacije u kojem učestvuje sedam grupa flornih elemenata se značajno razlikuje od konstatovanih asocijacija reda Chenopodietalia albi Tüxen, Lohm. et Prsg. 1950. Gradijentna analiza pokazuje najveću zavisnost florističkog sastava u odnosu na hemijsku reakciju podloge, nešto manju u odnosu na sadržaj azota u zemljištu i svjetlost, dok je najmanja zavisnost u odnosu na vlažnost zemljišta i temperaturu. Numeričkom klasifikacijom mogu se izdvojiti dvije grupe sastojina što preciznije potvrđuju rezultati ordinacije vršene korespondentnom analizom.
This work gives overview and basic characteristics of vascular flora of Bardača complex: ecological indicator values, biological spectrum and spectrum of areal types. Total of 316 herbal species are found during floristic research conducted on the area of Bardača. Out of that number, six species are in the phylum Pteridophyta (two in class Equisetatae and four in class Filicatae), and 310 species belong to Magnoliophyta (232 in class Magnoliate and 78 in class Liliate). Based on the ecological analysis of found herbal species, researched area is mesophyll with neutral and low acidly ground, medium rich with mineral substances, with adequate light and warmth regime. Ten life forms have been found through the analysis of the biological spectrum of flora. Among them are hemicryptophyta (33,86%) and cryptophyta (geophyta 21,52% and aquatic helo-hidrophyta 7,91%). By analyzing areal types, 27 flora elements have been found, among which dominate flora elements of wide distribution (Euro-Asian, Circumpolar, Cosmopolitan and Adventive) with 204 herbal species (64,55%). Rational use of Bardača complex, according to the principles of sustainable development, implies keeping unique genetic resources because of many exponents of relic tertiary flora are present.
In this paper it is given review and basic characteristics of the weed flora in the Lijevče plain: ecological index values, biological spectrum and spectrum of areal types. Floristic researches of the weed flora in the Lijevčeplain were conducted on 61 localities in crops and perennial planting. The researches were conducted during the two vegetation seasons (2013. and 2014.) It is determined that there are 163 types of the vascular flora, classified in 122 genus and 39 families. According to the ecological indicator values for some ecological factors, the habitat can be characterized as medium moist, neutral to light acid stock, soil that is medium rich in minerals and favorable light and temperature regime of that habitat. Seven life forms make the biological spectrum in which the most dominant ones are: hemicryptophytes (37,42%), therophytes (22,09%), therophytes-chamaephytic (19,63%), and geophytes (15,95%). Regardless the fact that Geophytes species are less present; because of the biological characteristics they are very important and represent the big issue in the weed control. By phytogeoraphical analysis 23 floral elements are constituted and among them the most present are: Eurasian (19,2%), sub Central European (17,79%), sub Eurasian (17,18%), Cosmopolitan (11,64%), and Adventitious (9,20%), and together they make 122 species. Among the Adventitious especially significant are the invasive ones: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Helianthus tuberosus L. and Abutilon theophrasti Medic. which suppress the autochthonous species with their aggression, and they spread out even more, and even form monodominant communities. In regard to the previous researches the large floristic, ecological and phytogeographical wealth of the weed flora is expressed which indicates the need of finding the proper measures of the weed control which were not
Taxonomy of Xanthium genus is very problematic because of numerous described taxa and low morphological distinction among species. In this study anatomical and genetic variability of Xanthium genus in the region of Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed. Based upon morphological characteristics analyzed plant material two species X. spinosum and X. orientale were determined. Within species X. orientale two infraspecific taxa X. orientale subsp. italicum and X. orientale subsp. riparium were identified. The anatomical differences were observed at the level of species, but they were not ascertained at subspecies level. The genetic results based on ITS2 sequences were in accordance with anatomical analyses. Regarding anatomical and genetic analysis two species were confirmed but there were no differences at the subspecies level.
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