No abstract

Both leadership and customer orientation are widely described in management sciences. As independent cognitive categories, they are a frequent subject of research. Customer orientation is still evolving mainly due to the dynamics of changes in the company's environment. The perception of the company as a system and being at the same time a visionary, a strategist and a decision-maker and having an impact on the employees' subject is responsible for the client's benefits and the creation of its value resulting from building a relationship. This is the role of the leaders in enterprises. The assumption of such an assumption is justified, because in practice marketing orientation means creating a company mission based on values significant for the client, ensuring the participation of all employees in creating growing values for the client and including it in the process of creating value. Nowaday we can talk about a customer-oriented leader. The aim of the study is to identify types of customer-oriented leaders in the commercial and service sector, and to systematize knowledge in terms of leadership and customer orientation. The choice of the sector resulted from the often close and direct relationships that take place in the exchange process. Methods of the research: quantitative studies Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI), monographic/descriptive method, cluster analysis.

Although there is ample literature on violence in the workplace, the opportunities for religious organizations to participate in providing assistance to victims remain little investigated. Therefore, in this article, we analyse the circumstances that promote the search for religious spiritual assistance and how this corresponds to the expectations of victims of violence in the workplace. Based on the results of the empirical study, we demonstrate that despite secularization trends, a sufficient value-based foundation still remains, which makes assistance provided by religious organizations potentially acceptable to victims. Contrary to what could have been expected, men reported being victims of violence more often, and the differences between individual age groups were statistically insignificant. The age variable was important only for obtaining information on this type of assistance. Women, meanwhile, emphasized the importance of religious values more than men did, but at the same time, they also showed greater sensitivity to the contextual circumstances on which the decision to seek religious assistance depended. This article presents only part of the results of a broader scientific study, one that is exclusively related to victims' gender and age.

Air transport is a sector that connects the world in the most unique and safest way, creating huge value for the global economy. Airlines are a key component of this sector. Air disasters, terrorist attacks or a pandemic can bring airlines to the brink of bankruptcy. These emergencies create the need for an airline to have an emergency plan in place to ensure business continuity. Drawing on specific literature, the factors influencing the assessment of airline business continuity decisions are examined in the context of COVID-19. The study seeks to find out what the airlines’ intentions were when making strategic decisions. The study analyses the decisions taken by the airlines in order to achieve business continuity, using a systematic approach, combined with a case study approach, and systematises the factors influencing the evaluation of the decisions. The use of a multi-criteria evaluation approach allowed the solutions to be ranked according to their evaluation results.