The legislation of crimes against sexual integrity was initially aimed at safeguarding specific interests such as the honour of the father, the family, virginity, and the social security of women. Accordingly, the extent of rape victims was for a long time limited only to women (e.g. under Article 100 of the Criminal Code of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia from 1977, the execution of rape was only possible as immission penis in vaginam). In modern society, legislators seek to protect the self-determination of the individual, sexual and physical integrity, and sexual autonomy. This reversal demonstrates that modern criminal law revolves around the essential question of whether sexual intercourse is engaged in through free choice, that is, autonomously. Domestic legislators have been put under the pressure of media campaigns and controversial case law to modernise criminal law accordingly. In the spirit of the reforms, the Republic of Slovenia in 2021 adopted the amendments of Rape and Sexual Assault in the Criminal Code (KZ-1H) consistent with the affirmative consent model (“yes means yes”).
Zbirka vaj je namenjena študentom druge stopnje bolonjskega študija prava pri predmetu Sistem sodnega varstva v EU na Pravni fakulteti v Mariboru. Zajema pregled postopkov pred Sodiščem EU, pri čemer so neposredni postopki razdeljeni na postopke zoper države članice in postopke zoper institucije EU, temu pa sledijo še naloge v zvezi s postopkom predhodnega odločanja, ki je edini v skupini posrednih postopkov. Sledijo še naloge v zvezi z ostalimi postopki pred Sodiščem EU. Dve poglavji na začetku gradiva sta namenjeni osvežitvi znanja osnov prava EU s poudarkom na razmerje med pravom EU in nacionalnim pravom ter vlogi Sodišča EU v institucionalni zgradbi EU. Znanje se v gradivu preverja s pomočjo teoretičnih vprašanj, iztočnic za diskusijo in praktičnih primerov.
Whistleblowers, and their cooperation with journalists, constitute a key element in preventing wrongdoings and protecting public interests. This contribution examines how they are protected in the recent Directive (EU) 2019/1937 on the Protection of Persons Reporting on Breaches of Union Law. It highlights that the final wording of the Directive still raises a number of potential concerns. The legislative process behind the Directive is outlined, illustrating the lack of consensus between the European Parliament and the Council during its drafting procedure. It is furthermore explained how the Directive aims to protect individuals from suffering retaliation in cases where they report violations of EU law. Finally, common criticisms regarding certain solutions such as the sectoral and tiered approach are addressed. These issues will have an effect on the whistleblowers’ motivation in raising the alarm, thereby diminishing their role as a journalist source.
Po izvedbi projekta ŠIPK je področje zasebnega prava v EU doživelo eno najobsežnejših reform do sedaj. Sprejeta so bila številna nova pravila, prav tako pa se je zgodil premik v razumevanju vloge potrošniškega prava v EU ter v gospodarskih in družbenih nalogah zasebnega prava na sploh. Reforma je celokupno zajela področja varstva potrošnikov, krožnega gospodarstva in digitalnega trga. Ta prispevek predstavlja temeljne novosti na tem področju, začenši s kratkim povzetkom dejavnosti Evropske komisije pri urejanju varstva potrošnikov v okviru ciljev prehoda v digitalno in zeleno Evropo. Temu sledi pregled sprejetih pravnih aktov in relevantne sodne prakse Sodišča EU.
Nadzor nad delom policije je ključnega pomena pri zagotavljanju zakonitosti, strokovnosti in legitimnosti policijskega dela. Zanimalo nas je, kako so sistemsko urejeni mehanizmi nadzora nad delom policije v Republiki Hrvaški. Ugotovili smo, da poleg neposrednega notranjega nadzora na vseh organizacijskih ravneh (izvajajo ga načelniki policijskih postaj, načelniki policijskih uprav, generalni direktor policije in minister za notranje zadeve) nadzor nad delom policije izvajata še Služba za notranji nadzor v okviru Kabineta ministra za notranje zadeve in Oddelek za nadzor, izboljšanje in razvoj policije v okviru Kabineta generalnega direktorja policije. Hrvaška z delovanjem omenjenih organov učinkovito zagotavlja strokovni nadzor nad delom policije, status dejanske neodvisnosti v očeh javnosti pa bi ti mehanizmi pridobili le, če omenjeni organi ne bi delovali v ustroju Ministrstva za notranje zadeve. Institucionalna neodvisnost je zagotovljena z različnimi oblikami zunanjega nadzora, ki ga izvajajo Komisija za pritožbe, parlament, Varuh človekovih pravic in nekatere druge neodvisne organizacije.
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