In this paper, we consider solving the topology optimization for steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes problems via a new topology optimization method called parameterized level set method, which can maintain a relatively smooth level set function with a local optimality condition. The objective of topology optimization is to nd an optimal con guration of the uid and solid materials that minimizes power dissipation under a prescribed uid volume fraction constraint. An arti cial friction force is added to the Navier-Stokes equations to apply the no-slip boundary condition. Although a great deal of work has been carried out for topology optimization of uid ow in recent years, there are few researches on the topology optimization of uid ow with physical body forces. To simulate the uid ow in reality, the constant body force (e.g., gravity) is considered in this paper. Several 2D numerical examples are presented to discuss the relationships between the proposed method with Reynolds number and initial design, and demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method in dealing with unstructured mesh problems. Three 3D numerical examples demonstrate the proposed method is feasible in threedimensional.
Numerical simulation refers to a computer research method which runs calculation based on a specific mathematical model to simulate actual physical processes. It is a powerful tool to analyse complex engineering problems. In this paper, a numerical method for solving the steady one-dimensional Euler equations using a two-step second-order difference scheme is developed. The method is implemented by a Python code. The method is applied to numerical simulation of flows in a Laval nozzle and used to investigate the influence of shapes of Laval nozzle. It is found that the physical quantities of the nozzle flow show a positive correlation trend with different throat positions. In terms of the temperature, density, and pressure, they increase during the initial evolutions, then reach the maximum point and produce significant fluctuations, indicating the flow flows into the transonic stage. Subsequently, those physical properties gradually tend to a stable value during the supersonic stage. Moreover, it is observed that the closer the throat is to the exit, the lower the Mach number at which it eventually stabilizes. Finally, a suggestion about the best shape of the nozzle which can realize the max efficiency is concluded. Despite using an inviscid flow model, the steady pressures are quite satisfactorily predicted over the range of frequencies studied.
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